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Forced Transdifferentiation01:28

Forced Transdifferentiation

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Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
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Cellular Differentiation

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How does a complex organism such as a human develop from a single cell? It all starts from a single fertilized egg which gives rise to a vast array of cell types, such as nerve cells, muscle cells, and epithelial cells that characterize the adult? Throughout development and adulthood, cellular differentiation leads cells to assume their final morphology and physiology. Differentiation is the process by which unspecialized cells become specialized to carry out distinct functions.
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Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds...
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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Determination01:51

Determination

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During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In...
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Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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Histone H2B-associated proteins: The Arabidopsis nucleolin 1 binds H2B and facilitates nucleosome disassembly via RNA-dependent mechanism.

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Updated: Mar 21, 2026

Techniques to Induce and Quantify Cellular Senescence
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Techniques to Induce and Quantify Cellular Senescence

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Senescence Meets Dedifferentiation.

Yemima Givaty Rapp1, Vanessa Ransbotyn2, Gideon Grafi3

  • 1French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 84990 Israel. yemimagr@gmail.com.

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 3, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Leaf senescence, the final stage of leaf development, is a reversible process. Senescing leaves can regain photosynthetic capacity, suggesting it resembles cellular dedifferentiation rather than just deterioration.

Keywords:
chromatin structurededifferentiationreversal of senescenceribosome biogenesissenescencetransposable elements

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Leaf senescence is the final stage of leaf development, often accelerated by stress.
  • It involves chlorophyll degradation (yellowing) or anthocyanin synthesis (reddening) and can lead to leaf death.
  • However, senescence can be reversible, with leaves regaining photosynthetic function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the hypothesis that leaf senescence is a form of trans-differentiation.
  • To compare the molecular and cellular attributes of senescence and dedifferentiation.
  • To reframe senescence not as deterioration but as a distinct developmental state.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on leaf senescence and dedifferentiation.
  • Comparative analysis of molecular mechanisms, including chromatin structure and transposable element activity.
  • Examination of the reversibility of senescence and its implications for plant development.

Main Results:

  • Senescence shares common attributes with dedifferentiation, such as changes in chromatin structure.
  • Activation of transposable elements is observed in both senescence and dedifferentiation.
  • The reversibility of senescence supports its classification as a developmental process, not solely cell death.

Conclusions:

  • Leaf senescence is a unique developmental state that closely resembles cellular dedifferentiation.
  • Senescence is a potentially reversible process, challenging the view of it as an irreversible decline.
  • Understanding senescence as dedifferentiation opens new avenues for research in plant development and stress response.