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Related Concept Videos

Electromagnetic Wave Equation01:24

Electromagnetic Wave Equation

2.5K
Maxwell's equations for electromagnetic fields are related to source charges, either static or moving. These fields act on a test charge, whose trajectory can thus be determined using suitable boundary conditions. The objective of electromagnetism is thus theoretically complete.
However, although electric and magnetic fields were first introduced as mathematical constructs to simplify the description of mutual forces between charges, a natural question emerges from Maxwell's equations:...
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Electromagnetic Waves in Matter01:30

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Electromagnetic waves can travel in the vacuum as well as in matter. For example light, which is an electromagnetic wave, can travel through air, water, or glass.
Consider the electromagnetic wave passing through a dielectric medium. In such a case, Maxwell's equations get modified. In Ampere's law, ε0 , the dielectric permittivity of free space is replaced with ε, the permittivity of dielectric. Also, the vacuum permeability μ0 is replaced by the permeability of the medium, μ.
Furthermore,...
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Standing Electromagnetic Waves01:15

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Electromagnetic waves can be reflected; the surface of a conductor or a dielectric can act as a reflector. As electric and magnetic fields obey the superposition principle, so do electromagnetic waves. The superposition of an incident wave and a reflected electromagnetic wave produces a standing wave analogous to the standing waves created on a stretched string.
Suppose a sheet of a perfect conductor is placed in the yz-plane, and a linearly polarized electromagnetic wave traveling in the...
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Electromagnetic Waves01:30

Electromagnetic Waves

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James Clerk Maxwell formulated a single theory combining all the electric and magnetic effects scientists knew during that time, calling the phenomena his theory predicted “Electromagnetic waves”. He brought together all the work that had been done by brilliant physicists such as Oersted, Coulomb, Gauss, and Faraday and added his own insights to develop the overarching theory of electromagnetism. Maxwell’s equations, combined with the Lorentz force law, encompass all the laws...
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Dual Nature of Electromagnetic (EM) Radiation01:10

Dual Nature of Electromagnetic (EM) Radiation

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Electromagnetic (EM) radiation consists of electric and magnetic field components oscillating in planes perpendicular to each other and mutually perpendicular to radiation propagation through space. EM radiation can be classified as a wave, characterized by the properties of waves such as wavelength (denoted as λ) and frequency (represented by ν).
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Plane Electromagnetic Waves I01:30

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The existence of combined electric and magnetic fields that propagate through space as electromagnetic (EM) waves is the most significant prediction of Maxwell's equations. As Maxwell's equations hold in free space, the predicted electromagnetic waves do not require a medium for their propagation. An EM wave comprises an electric field, defined as the force per charge on a stationary charge, and a magnetic field, which is the force per charge on a moving charge.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 21, 2026

Simulation, Fabrication and Characterization of THz Metamaterial Absorbers
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Published on: December 27, 2012

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Metamaterial-based wideband electromagnetic wave absorber.

Luigi La Spada, Lucio Vegni

    Optics Express
    |May 4, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces a novel electromagnetic absorber using Epsilon-Near-Zero materials for infrared and optical applications. The new design achieves wideband, multi-band absorption across a wide angle range with a simple structure.

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Materials Science
    • Electromagnetism

    Background:

    • Electromagnetic absorbers are crucial for various applications, including sensing and energy harvesting.
    • Epsilon-Near-Zero (ENZ) materials offer unique electromagnetic properties for designing advanced optical devices.
    • Developing efficient and versatile absorbers, especially in the infrared and optical regimes, remains an active research area.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and analyze a new type of electromagnetic absorber operating in the infrared and optical spectrum.
    • To develop a closed-form analytical formula for describing the absorber's electromagnetic properties.
    • To investigate the correlation between the absorber's geometry and its absorption characteristics.

    Main Methods:

    • Analytical modeling using a novel closed-form formula to describe electromagnetic properties.

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  • Numerical simulations to validate the analytical model and absorption performance.
  • Investigation of absorption across a wide range of incident angles (0°-80°).

    • Main Results:

    • Achieved good agreement between analytical and numerical results.
    • Demonstrated wideband and multi-band absorption capabilities.
    • Obtained efficient absorption for small structure thicknesses (d = λp/4).
    • Showcased wide angular absorption performance (0°-80°).

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed ENZ-based electromagnetic absorber is effective for infrared and optical applications.
    • The developed analytical formula provides a valuable tool for designing and optimizing such absorbers.
    • The absorber exhibits desirable properties including wideband, multi-band, and wide-angle absorption with a compact structure.