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Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...
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Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the...
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Updated: Mar 21, 2026

Expression and Purification of Virus-like Particles for Vaccination
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Vaccine platforms to control Lassa fever.

Igor S Lukashevich1, Peter Pushko2

  • 1a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, and the Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases , University of Louisville , Louisville , KY , USA.

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Developing a Lassa virus (LASV) vaccine is crucial due to the disease

Keywords:
Lassa feverLassa virusreplication-competent vaccinesvaccine research

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Area of Science:

  • Virology and immunology, focusing on arenaviruses and vaccine development.

Background:

  • Lassa virus (LASV) causes Lassa Fever (LF), a significant public health threat in West Africa with global implications.
  • Current treatment options for LF are limited and partially effective, highlighting the urgent need for a licensed vaccine.
  • LASV vaccine development faces challenges including high containment costs, lack of suitable animal models, viral genetic diversity, and co-existing endemic diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current LASV vaccine development strategies, focusing on replication-competent (RC) vaccine platforms.
  • To assess the feasibility and progress of various vaccine technologies against Lassa virus.
  • To identify promising LASV vaccine candidates for future clinical development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature and expert commentary on LASV vaccine research over the past 15 years.
  • Analysis of different vaccine platforms, including reassortant, recombinant, and alphavirus replicon technologies.
  • Evaluation of promising RC vaccine candidates based on preclinical data, particularly in non-human primates.

Main Results:

  • Replication-competent (RC) vaccines are considered a feasible approach for Lassa Fever (LF) control, supported by LASV's natural history and pathogenesis.
  • Two lead RC vaccine candidates, reassortant ML29 and recombinant VSV/LASV, have shown success in non-human primates.
  • These leading candidates possess molecular tools for enhanced safety, immunogenicity, and cross-protection, positioning them for multivalent vaccine design against diverse LASV strains.

Conclusions:

  • Two replication-competent (RC) Lassa virus (LASV) vaccine candidates are recommended for rapid clinical development based on promising non-human primate studies.
  • These platforms offer opportunities to improve vaccine safety, immunogenicity, and broaden protection against various LASV strains.
  • The regulatory pathway for live-attenuated arenaviral vaccines provides a guideline for future Lassa Fever (LF) vaccine efficacy trials.