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    This study presents a novel polarization-insensitive mode converter for strip-slot waveguides. The device efficiently couples TE and TM polarized light, demonstrating robust performance and high conversion efficiencies.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics
    • Integrated Optics
    • Waveguide Technology

    Background:

    • Strip-slot waveguides are crucial for integrated photonic circuits.
    • Efficient mode conversion between TE and TM polarizations is challenging.
    • Existing mode converters often lack polarization insensitivity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate a polarization-insensitive mode converter for strip-slot waveguides.
    • To analyze the working principle of Multimode Interference (MMI) based mode conversion.
    • To achieve high conversion efficiency for both TE and TM modes.

    Main Methods:

    • Numerical simulation and experimental fabrication of the mode converter.
    • Utilizing the 2-fold image of MMI to match optical field distributions.
    • Theoretical derivation of optical field overlap ratio from eigenmode orthonormality.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated a polarization-insensitive and wavelength-insensitive mode converter.
    • Achieved high measured conversion efficiencies: 95.9% for TE0 and 96.6% for TM0.
    • The device exhibits fabrication tolerance and is compact (1.22 μm × 4 μm).

    Conclusions:

    • The MMI-based mode converter offers a robust solution for strip-slot waveguide coupling.
    • The design is ideal for applications requiring efficient handling of both TE and TM polarizations.
    • This work advances integrated optics by providing a versatile and high-performance mode converter.