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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
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X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal...
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X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

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German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...
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Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

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In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Radiation and Light Sources01:13

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Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) relies on the Beer-Lambert law, which requires that the radiation source emits a narrow range of wavelengths to match the absorption characteristics of the analyte atom. The primary criteria for choosing an appropriate radiation source in AAS is to provide a precise and intense emission at specific wavelengths that will allow accurate detection of the analyte.
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference01:30

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference

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In atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), high-temperature atomizers excite a broad range of elements and molecules that generate complex emissions from sources such as oxides, hydroxides, and flame combustion products in the flame or plasma. Several strategies can be employed to minimize spectral interferences caused by overlapping emission lines or bands. These include increasing instrument resolution, choosing alternative emission lines, optimally placing the detector in low-background regions,...
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Applying X-ray Imaging Crystal Spectroscopy for Use as a High Temperature Plasma Diagnostic
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Applying X-ray Imaging Crystal Spectroscopy for Use as a High Temperature Plasma Diagnostic

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X-ray holography with an atomic scatterer.

A A Mityureva1, V V Smirnov1

  • 1Physical Faculty, Saint Petersburg State University, 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russia.

Ultramicroscopy
|May 4, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a novel X-ray holography method using a heavy atom reference to image light atom objects in 3D. The technique achieves atomic resolution, overcoming reconstruction distortions.

Area of Science:

  • Atomic resolution imaging
  • X-ray microscopy
  • Holography

Background:

  • Traditional X-ray microscopy struggles with imaging light elements.
  • Achieving high-resolution 3D reconstruction is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an X-ray holography scheme for 3D atomic resolution imaging of light atom structures.
  • To address and account for distorting factors in image reconstruction.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a heavy atom scatterer as a reference center.
  • Linking the reference to a light atom object.
  • Employing controlled variations in alignment during data acquisition.

Main Results:

  • Successful 3D reconstruction of an object composed of light atoms.
Keywords:
AlignmentAtomic resolutionObject reconstructionX-ray holography

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  • Demonstration of atomic resolution capabilities.
  • Analysis of factors that distort the reconstruction process.

    • Conclusions:

    • The proposed X-ray holography scheme enables high-resolution 3D imaging of light atom structures.
    • The method provides a pathway to overcome limitations in current imaging techniques.