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    This study introduces an improved ptychography method to enhance imaging quality with unstable coherent light sources. The new technique significantly boosts reconstruction quality without needing prior knowledge, making ptychography more accessible.

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    Area of Science:

    • Coherent diffractive imaging
    • Advanced microscopy techniques

    Background:

    • Ptychography, a scanning coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) technique, demands high illumination stability, especially for short-wavelength sources.
    • Beam position instability significantly alters sample illumination, complicating data acquisition and reconstruction.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop an improved ptychographic method robust to illumination wavefront instability.
    • To enhance reconstruction quality in ptychography without requiring additional prior knowledge.

    Main Methods:

    • Implementation of a novel ptychographic reconstruction algorithm designed to tolerate wavefront fluctuations.
    • Experimental validation using a visible light source with emulated instability via a piezo mirror.
    • Testing with a short-wavelength extreme ultraviolet (EUV) microscopy CDI setup utilizing a high harmonic generation source.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated significant improvement in reconstruction quality despite beam instability.
    • Successfully applied the method in both visible light and EUV microscopy experiments.
    • Validated the robustness of the ptychographic approach to wavefront variations.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed method offers a natural extension to ptychography, enabling its use with coherent sources exhibiting limited pointing stability.
    • This advancement paves the way for utilizing ptychographic imaging with sources like free electron lasers and soft X-ray lasers.
    • The technique promises to improve reconstruction quality in long-duration synchrotron experiments.