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Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Its Bone Marrow Niche
1Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States; Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States.
Current Topics in Developmental Biology
|May 4, 2016
Summary
Hematopoietic stem cells rely on their bone marrow niche for survival and function. Niche dysfunction, involving various cell types, can lead to hematologic diseases.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Stem Cell Biology
- Microenvironment Research
Background:
- Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in specialized bone marrow microenvironments, termed niches.
- These niches provide essential signals for HSC maintenance, self-renewal, and response to physiological demands.
- The bone marrow is increasingly recognized as a composite of distinct niches, each with unique regulatory roles in hematopoiesis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the historical development of the stem cell niche concept.
- To elucidate the cellular and structural components of the bone marrow microenvironment.
- To explore the link between niche dysfunction and the pathogenesis of hematologic disorders.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of historical and current research on stem cell niches.
- Synthesis of data on the cellular composition of the bone marrow microenvironment.
- Analysis of mechanisms by which niche alterations contribute to disease.
Main Results:
- The niche concept has evolved from a general idea to a complex, multi-component system.
- Multiple cell types within the bone marrow microenvironment actively regulate HSC behavior.
- Specific alterations in stromal cells within the niche are implicated in hematologic pathologies.
Conclusions:
- The bone marrow microenvironment is critical for hematopoietic stem cell regulation.
- Understanding niche components and their interactions is key to understanding hematopoiesis.
- Niche dysfunction represents a significant factor in the development of hematologic diseases.
Keywords:
Bone marrowCytokineEngraftmentExtracellular matrix proteinHematopoietic stem cellMesenchymal stem cellMicroenvironmentMobilizationNicheOsteolineage cellsPerivascular cellReconstitutionStromaTransgenic mouse modelTransplantationMore Related Videos
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