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Related Concept Videos

Stem Cell Niche01:26

Stem Cell Niche

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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Hematopoiesis01:21

Hematopoiesis

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The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...
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Overview of Hematopoiesis01:20

Overview of Hematopoiesis

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Hematopoiesis, or blood cell production, is a vital biological process that begins early in embryonic development and continues throughout life. This process generates the various types of cells found in blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).
Developmental Phases of Hematopoiesis
Initially, HSCs are formed in the embryonic yolk sac, a critical site for early blood cell production. These stem cells subsequently migrate to other...
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Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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Role of Hematopoietic Growth Factors01:28

Role of Hematopoietic Growth Factors

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Hematopoietic growth factors are molecules that regulate the differentiation rate of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Erythropoietin (EPO), primarily produced by the kidneys, plays a crucial role in erythrocyte production. When oxygen levels in the blood are low, EPO is released into the bloodstream, reaching the bone marrow, where it stimulates HSCs to differentiate and mature into erythrocytes, which are vital for oxygen transport.
Thrombopoietin (TPO), mainly released by the liver,...
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Bioengineering of Humanized Bone Marrow Microenvironments in Mouse and Their Visualization by Live Imaging
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Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Its Bone Marrow Niche.

V W C Yu1, D T Scadden1

  • 1Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States; Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States.

Current Topics in Developmental Biology
|May 4, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Hematopoietic stem cells rely on their bone marrow niche for survival and function. Niche dysfunction, involving various cell types, can lead to hematologic diseases.

Keywords:
Bone marrowCytokineEngraftmentExtracellular matrix proteinHematopoietic stem cellMesenchymal stem cellMicroenvironmentMobilizationNicheOsteolineage cellsPerivascular cellReconstitutionStromaTransgenic mouse modelTransplantation

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Combining Intravital Fluorescent Microscopy IVFM with Genetic Models to Study Engraftment Dynamics of Hematopoietic Cells to Bone Marrow Niches
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Flow Cytometry Analysis of Murine Bone Marrow Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells and Stromal Niche Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Microenvironment Research

Background:

  • Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in specialized bone marrow microenvironments, termed niches.
  • These niches provide essential signals for HSC maintenance, self-renewal, and response to physiological demands.
  • The bone marrow is increasingly recognized as a composite of distinct niches, each with unique regulatory roles in hematopoiesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical development of the stem cell niche concept.
  • To elucidate the cellular and structural components of the bone marrow microenvironment.
  • To explore the link between niche dysfunction and the pathogenesis of hematologic disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of historical and current research on stem cell niches.
  • Synthesis of data on the cellular composition of the bone marrow microenvironment.
  • Analysis of mechanisms by which niche alterations contribute to disease.

Main Results:

  • The niche concept has evolved from a general idea to a complex, multi-component system.
  • Multiple cell types within the bone marrow microenvironment actively regulate HSC behavior.
  • Specific alterations in stromal cells within the niche are implicated in hematologic pathologies.

Conclusions:

  • The bone marrow microenvironment is critical for hematopoietic stem cell regulation.
  • Understanding niche components and their interactions is key to understanding hematopoiesis.
  • Niche dysfunction represents a significant factor in the development of hematologic diseases.