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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 21, 2026

High-throughput Fluorometric Measurement of Potential Soil Extracellular Enzyme Activities
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[Not Available].

S Droste1, E Bitzer2, M Perleth1

  • 1Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany.

Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz
|May 4, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Biochemical screening for fetal chromosomal abnormalities and neural tube defects remains controversial. This health technology assessment evaluated its effectiveness, finding first-trimester screening more sensitive than second-trimester screening.

Keywords:
Biochemical markersChromosomal abnormalitiesDown syndromeEthicsGenetic screeningKeywords Health technology assessmentNeural tube defectsPregnancy trimester, firstPregnancy trimester, secondPrenatal diagnosis

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Medical Genetics
  • Health Technology Assessment

Context:

  • Biochemical screening has been used since the 1990s to detect fetal abnormalities like Down Syndrome and spina bifida.
  • Despite widespread use, the effectiveness and implications of these screening methods remain a subject of debate.

Purpose:

  • To conduct a health technology assessment (HTA) evaluating the medical effectiveness of biochemical screening during pregnancy.
  • To systematically review existing evidence on the sensitivity and specificity of various screening combinations.

Summary:

  • The assessment analyzed 18 systematic reviews, meta-analyses, decision analyses, and 9 primary studies.
  • Second-trimester screening (maternal age, AFP, hCG, uE3) has a 60-65% detection rate with a 5% false positive rate.
  • First-trimester screening (maternal age, nuchal translucency, PAPP-A, free β-hCG) offers a higher detection rate of 70-75% with a 5% false positive rate.
  • New molecular technologies show promise for improved sensitivity and faster results.

Impact:

  • Findings provide evidence on the comparative effectiveness of first- and second-trimester screening methods.
  • Highlights potential ethical concerns with second-trimester screening due to advanced gestational age for pregnancy termination.
  • Identifies emerging molecular technologies that may significantly enhance future prenatal screening capabilities.