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Physiological and pathophysiological role of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay

Franziska Ottens1, Niels H Gehring2

  • 1Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 47a, 50674, Cologne, Germany.

Pflugers Archiv : European Journal of Physiology
|May 4, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) removes faulty mRNAs with premature stop codons. This review details NMD

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a crucial cellular surveillance pathway.
  • NMD primarily targets mRNAs containing premature termination codons (PTCs) to prevent the synthesis of truncated proteins.
  • Beyond quality control, NMD regulates the expression of endogenous mRNAs, impacting cellular physiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted impact of NMD on cellular and molecular physiology.
  • To elucidate the roles of NMD in gene regulation and its endogenous substrates.
  • To describe NMD mechanisms and the functions of key NMD factors.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on NMD pathways and functions.
  • Analysis of NMD substrate classes and regulatory mechanisms.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on NMD's role in cellular homeostasis.

Main Results:

  • NMD degrades aberrant mRNAs, including those with PTCs.
  • NMD regulates a diverse set of endogenous mRNA substrates.
  • NMD activity significantly influences cellular and molecular physiology.

Conclusions:

  • NMD is a vital process for maintaining cellular health and proper gene expression.
  • Understanding NMD mechanisms and substrates is key to comprehending its physiological relevance.
  • Dysregulation of NMD can have profound effects on cellular functions.
Keywords:
Alternative splicingGene expressionGenetic diseaseNMDQuality controlStress response

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