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Cognitive Functioning in Adolescents with Self-Reported ADHD and Depression: Results from a Population-Based Study
Arunima Roy1,2, Albertine J Oldehinkel3, Catharina A Hartman3
1Interdisciplinary Centre Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, CC 72, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, Netherlands. arunima.roy@mail.mcgill.ca.
Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
|May 4, 2016
Summary
Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) show poorer cognitive function. Comorbid depression impacts specific cognitive domains, with only ADHD linked to response time variability and ADHD with depression linked to working memory deficits.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Psychiatry
- Developmental Psychology
Background:
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and depression are common in adolescence.
- Cognitive functioning is crucial for adolescent development and well-being.
- Understanding the interplay between ADHD, depression, and cognition is vital.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate cognitive functioning differences in adolescents with ADHD, depression, or both.
- To compare cognitive performance between ADHD, depression, ADHD with depression, and healthy groups.
- To examine changes in cognitive function over time in these adolescent groups.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the Tracking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS) cohort.
- Assessed neuropsychological functioning in 1549 adolescents at baseline (age 11) and follow-up (age 19).
- Employed linear mixed effects models to analyze group differences and changes in cognitive functioning.
Main Results:
- Significant group differences observed in response time variability and working memory maintenance.
- Adolescents with only ADHD exhibited greater response time variability at baseline compared to healthy and depression-only groups.
- Adolescents with ADHD and comorbid depression showed poorer working memory maintenance at follow-up than healthy and depression-only groups.
Conclusions:
- Adolescents with ADHD exhibit poorer overall cognitive functioning compared to healthy peers and those with only depression.
- The presence of comorbid depression significantly influences specific cognitive deficits in adolescents with ADHD.
- Targeted interventions may be necessary to address distinct cognitive challenges in adolescents with ADHD, with or without depression.
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