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Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...
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Attitude is our evaluation of a person, an idea, or an object. We have attitudes for many things ranging from products that we might pick up in the supermarket to people around the world to political policies. Typically, attitudes are favorable or unfavorable: positive or negative (Eagly & Chaiken, 1993). And, they have three components: an affective component (feelings), a behavioral component (the effect of the attitude on behavior), and a cognitive component (belief and knowledge;...
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Changes in Dental Students' Attitudes About Treating Underserved Populations: A Longitudinal Study.

Nicole Major1, Michelle R McQuistan2, Fang Qian1

  • 1Dr. Major, who is currently completing a General Practice Residency at the University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City, was a fourth-year dental student, University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, during the time the study was conducted; Dr. McQuistan is Associate Professor, Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, and Program Director of Community-Based Dental Education, University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics; and Dr. Qian is Associate Research Scientist, Division of Biostatistics and Research Design, University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics.

Journal of Dental Education
|May 4, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Dental student attitudes toward treating underserved populations became more negative for some groups and more positive for others during dental school. Perceived responsibility to treat these groups also decreased, influenced by clinical experiences.

Keywords:
community-based dental educationdental care accessdental educationdental studentsoral health care for the underservedunderserved populationswillingness to treat

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Area of Science:

  • Dental Education
  • Public Health
  • Sociology in Medicine

Background:

  • Dental education aims to prepare students for diverse patient needs.
  • Understanding dental students' evolving attitudes toward underserved populations is crucial for addressing health disparities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess changes in dental students' feelings, willingness to treat, and perceived responsibility towards underserved populations throughout predoctoral education.
  • To identify specific underserved groups that elicit differing student responses.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal survey data collected from three dental school graduating classes (2012-2014).
  • Questionnaires assessed attitudes towards 13 underserved populations from the first year (D1) to the fourth year (D4).
  • 132 students completed all surveys (D1-D4), with an adjusted response rate of 60%.

Main Results:

  • Attitudes and willingness to treat underserved populations were population-specific.
  • Students' negative feelings and willingness to treat increased for low-income, frail elderly, homebound, homeless, ethnic minorities, and non-English speakers.
  • Positive feelings and willingness increased for medically complex, drug users, and HIV/AIDS populations.
  • Perceived responsibility to treat underserved populations decreased over time.
  • Clinical and faculty interactions significantly impacted treatment likelihood.

Conclusions:

  • Dental education can lead to divergent attitudes towards different underserved groups.
  • Interventions and faculty mentoring are needed to foster positive attitudes and a sense of responsibility towards all underserved populations.
  • Addressing specific population-based attitudes is key to improving future dental care access.