Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Aliasing01:18

Aliasing

761
Accurate signal sampling and reconstruction are crucial in various signal-processing applications. A time-domain signal's spectrum can be revealed using its Fourier transform. When this signal is sampled at a specific frequency, it results in multiple scaled replicas of the original spectrum in the frequency domain. The spacing of these replicas is determined by the sampling frequency.
If the sampling frequency is below the Nyquist rate, these replicas overlap, preventing the original...
761
Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control01:24

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control

500
Phase-lead controllers are commonly used in various control systems to enhance response speed and stability. Adjusting the brightness on a television screen offers a practical example of phase-lead control. When contrast is enhanced, a phase-lead controller is employed. Mathematically, phase-lead control is identified when the first parameter is smaller than the second.
The design of phase-lead control involves the strategic placement of poles and zeros to balance steady-state error and system...
500
Interference: Path Lengths01:10

Interference: Path Lengths

2.4K
Consider two sources of sound, that may or may not be in phase, emitting waves at a single frequency, and consider the frequencies to be the same.
Two special sources may be considered when they are in phase. This can be easily achieved by feeding the two sources from the same source. An example would be synchronizing the two speakers by feeding them with the same source, such as the sound waves produced by a tuning fork. This setup ensures that the two sources have the same frequency and are...
2.4K
Reconstruction of Signal using Interpolation01:10

Reconstruction of Signal using Interpolation

825
Signal processing techniques are essential for accurately converting continuous signals to digital formats and vice versa. When a continuous signal is sampled with a period T, the resulting sampled signal exhibits replicas of the original spectrum in the frequency domain, spaced at intervals equal to the sampling frequency. To handle this sampled signal, a zero-order hold method can be applied, which creates a piecewise constant signal by retaining each sample's value until the next...
825
Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control01:21

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control

439
Phase-lag controllers are widely used in control systems to improve stability and reduce steady-state errors. A dimmer switch controlling the brightness of a light bulb serves as a practical example of phase-lag control, gradually adjusting the bulb's brightness. Mathematically, phase-lag control or low-pass filtering is represented when the factor 'a' is less than 1.
Phase-lag controllers do not place a pole at zero, but instead influence the steady-state error by amplifying any...
439
Sampling Theorem01:15

Sampling Theorem

1.5K
In signal processing, the analysis of continuous-time signals, denoted as x(t), often involves sampling techniques to convert these signals into discrete-time signals. This process is essential for digital representation and manipulation. A critical component in sampling is the train of impulses, characterized by the sampling interval and the sampling frequency. The relationship between these parameters and the original signal's properties dictates the success of the sampling process.
1.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

<b>Description of a new species of the subgenus <i>Japonigekko</i> (Squamata: Gekkonidae: Gekko) from Yunnan, southwestern China</b>.

Zootaxa·2026
Same author

Investigation of the biomechanical changes at the iris-lens interface after vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade: Insights from ultrasound biomicroscopy.

Experimental eye research·2026
Same author

Mutations in the clpS Gene of Riemerella anatipestifer Affect Stress Response and Bacterial Virulence.

Current microbiology·2025
Same author

Targeting microRNAs in diabetic retinopathy: from pathogenic mechanisms to therapeutic potentials.

Frontiers in endocrinology·2025
Same author

Hippocampal Crhr1 conditional gene knockout ameliorated the depression-like behavior and pathological damage in male offspring mice caused by chronic stress during pregnancy.

Behavioural brain research·2024
Same author

Improved Protein Removal Performance of PES Hollow-Fiber Ultrafiltration Membrane with Sponge-like Structure.

Polymers·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 21, 2026

Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection
16:11

Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection

Published on: April 26, 2014

9.9K

Interference signal frequency tracking for extracting phase in frequency scanning interferometry using an extended

Zhe Liu, Zhigang Liu, Zhongwen Deng

    Applied Optics
    |May 4, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    A new frequency tracking method using an extended Kalman filter accurately extracts interference signal phase in optical frequency scanning interferometry. This method overcomes laser nonlinearity, achieving high precision in phase extraction and distance measurement.

    More Related Videos

    Author Spotlight: Unlocking New Insights in fNIRS Studies - A Novel Framework for Inter-Brain Synchrony Analysis
    05:59

    Author Spotlight: Unlocking New Insights in fNIRS Studies - A Novel Framework for Inter-Brain Synchrony Analysis

    Published on: October 6, 2023

    3.5K
    A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope
    06:48

    A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope

    Published on: December 30, 2025

    686

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Mar 21, 2026

    Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection
    16:11

    Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection

    Published on: April 26, 2014

    9.9K
    Author Spotlight: Unlocking New Insights in fNIRS Studies - A Novel Framework for Inter-Brain Synchrony Analysis
    05:59

    Author Spotlight: Unlocking New Insights in fNIRS Studies - A Novel Framework for Inter-Brain Synchrony Analysis

    Published on: October 6, 2023

    3.5K
    A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope
    06:48

    A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope

    Published on: December 30, 2025

    686

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Metrology
    • Signal Processing

    Background:

    • Frequency-scanning interferometry (FSI) systems are sensitive to optical frequency scanning nonlinearity.
    • This nonlinearity degrades the accuracy of interference signal phase extraction.
    • Accurate phase extraction is crucial for precise distance measurements in FSI.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and validate a novel interference signal frequency tracking method for FSI systems.
    • To mitigate the impact of laser optical frequency scanning nonlinearity on phase extraction.
    • To improve the accuracy of phase extraction and distance measurement in FSI.

    Main Methods:

    • An extended Kalman filter (EKF) based frequency tracking method was developed.
    • The interferometric phase is determined by integrating the estimated instantaneous frequency over time.
    • The proposed method's independence from laser nonlinearity was theoretically and experimentally assessed.

    Main Results:

    • Simulations and experiments confirmed the method's effectiveness.
    • The relative phase extraction error in the fractional part was reduced to less than 1.5%.
    • The standard deviation of absolute distance measurements achieved was less than 2.4 μm.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed extended Kalman filter method effectively tracks frequency and extracts phase in FSI systems.
    • This approach significantly enhances phase extraction accuracy by eliminating nonlinearity effects.
    • The method enables highly precise absolute distance measurements with minimal error.