Two-dimensional and three-dimensional imaging of uterus and fallopian tubes in female infertility

Noninvasive imaging techniques play an important role in the female infertility diagnostic algorithm. In this review article, a description of the diagnostic performance and potential clinical value of both computerized tomographic virtual hysterosalpingography (CT-VHGS) and magnetic-resonance virtual hysterosalpingography (MR-VHSG) is made, describing for both techniques, to guarantee the best possible diagnostic outcome, patient preparation and normal and principal pathologic findings. Both noninvasive diagnostic imaging modalities improve the diagnostic confidence in identification of the specific cause of female infertility. These procedures are well tolerated and can be performed without tenaculum and sedation. The combined analysis of all the imaging data offers the gynecologist a wide information spectrum, enabling a better therapeutic decision. CT-VHSG and MR-VHSG are consistent diagnostic imaging modalities for the evaluation of the female reproductive system, with an excellent diagnostic performance compared with traditional diagnostic exams and allowing a comprehensive assessment of the female reproductive system.