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Related Concept Videos

Electronic Structure of Atoms02:28

Electronic Structure of Atoms

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An atom comprises protons and neutrons, which are contained inside the dense, central core called the nucleus, with electrons present around the nucleus. Taking into account the wave–particle duality of electrons and the uncertainty in position around the nucleus, quantum mechanics provides a more accurate model for the atomic structure. It describes atomic orbitals as the regions around the nucleus where electrons of discrete energy exist, characterized by four quantum...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
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The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

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Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
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Atomic Spectroscopy: Absorption, Emission, and Fluorescence01:23

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Atomic spectroscopy is a vital tool in elemental analysis, both qualitatively and quantitatively. It can be broadly divided into optical spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and X-ray spectroscopy methods. The optical spectroscopic methods are atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), and atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS). The first step in all three methods is atomization, where the solid, liquid, or solution-phase samples are converted into gas-phase atoms and...
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Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

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The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
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Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor
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Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor

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Three-dimensional atom localization via electromagnetically induced transparency in a three-level atomic system.

Zhiping Wang, Dewei Cao, Benli Yu

    Applied Optics
    |May 4, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    We developed a new method for precise three-dimensional atom localization using probe field absorption measurements. This technique achieves nearly 100% probability for locating atoms in 3D space.

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    Area of Science:

    • Atomic Physics
    • Quantum Optics

    Background:

    • Precise atom localization is crucial for advancements in quantum technologies.
    • Existing methods often face limitations in resolution and efficiency.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce a novel scheme for high-precision three-dimensional (3D) atom localization.
    • To demonstrate the capability of achieving near-perfect atom localization efficiency.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing a three-level atomic system.
    • Measuring the absorption of a weak probe field.
    • Leveraging space-dependent atom-field interactions to determine atom position.

    Main Results:

    • The position probability distribution of atoms in 3D space is directly determined by probe absorption.
    • Achieved nearly 100% probability of finding the atom in 3D space by optimizing system parameters.
    • Demonstrated a high-precision and high-efficiency 3D atom localization technique.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed scheme offers a promising pathway for advanced atom localization.
    • Potential applications include laser cooling and atom nano-lithography.
    • This method enhances control and manipulation of atoms at the nanoscale.