Long noncoding RNAs in kidney and cardiovascular diseases

Area of Science:

• Genomics
• Molecular Biology
• Pathology

Background:

• A significant portion of the human genome transcribes into non-protein-coding RNAs, including long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) (≥200 nucleotides).
• While microRNAs are well-studied, the functional roles of lncRNAs remain largely unknown.
• Emerging evidence indicates lncRNAs influence tissue homeostasis and pathological processes in organs like the kidney and heart.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current understanding of lncRNA roles in kidney and cardiovascular diseases.
• To highlight lncRNAs as potential therapeutic targets for disease progression.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent studies on lncRNAs in kidney and cardiovascular pathologies.
• Analysis of specific lncRNA examples (e.g., H19, Malat1) in disease models.
• Synthesis of findings on lncRNA involvement in conditions like heart failure, hypertension, and kidney diseases.

Main Results:

• lncRNAs are implicated in diverse kidney and cardiovascular conditions, including hypertension, heart failure, acute kidney injury, and renal cell carcinoma.
• Specific lncRNAs, such as H19 and Malat1, demonstrate regulatory roles in developmental and pathological processes.
• Dysregulation of lncRNAs is observed in conditions like hyperglycaemia-induced kidney issues and endothelial inflammation.

Conclusions:

• lncRNAs are emerging as critical regulators in kidney and cardiovascular disease pathogenesis.
• Further research into lncRNA function may reveal novel therapeutic strategies for these prevalent diseases.