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Published on: December 20, 2024
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Friction behavior of ceramic injection-molded (CIM) brackets
Susanne Reimann1, Christoph Bourauel2, Anna Weber2
1Endowed Chair for Oral Technology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstrasse 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany. susanne.reimann@uni-bonn.de.
Summary
This study found that rounded ceramic brackets with stainless-steel ligatures and resin archwires minimize friction during orthodontic tooth movement. Bracket manufacturing technology did not significantly impact friction behavior.
Area of Science:
- Orthodontics
- Biomaterials Science
- Dental Mechanics
Background:
- Friction between orthodontic brackets and archwires significantly influences treatment efficiency and duration.
- Understanding friction is crucial for optimizing bracket-ligature-archwire interactions and predicting tooth movement.
- Various bracket materials (ceramic, metal) and archwire types (stainless steel, resin) exhibit different frictional properties.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare friction losses in ceramic injection-molded (CIM), pressed-ceramic (PC), and metal injection-molded (MIM) brackets.
- To evaluate the impact of different ligature types (elastic, steel) and archwire materials (stainless steel, resin) on friction.
- To determine the optimal combination for minimizing friction during canine retraction.
Main Methods:
- Nine bracket systems (5 CIM, 2 PC, 2 MIM) were tested with stainless steel or resin archwires and elastic or steel ligatures.
- Canine retraction was simulated using the orthodontic measurement and simulation system (OMSS) with a 0.5 N force.
- Friction loss was calculated by comparing applied and effective forces, with data analyzed using ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests.
Main Results:
- Higher friction losses (58-79%) were observed with steel archwires and elastic ligatures compared to resin archwires (20-30%).
- Uncoated steel ligatures showed lowest friction with specific ceramic brackets on resin archwires (13-16%) and highest on steel archwires (53-63%).
- Coated steel ligatures yielded similar friction to uncoated ones on steel archwires; mild resin archwire abrasion was noted.
Conclusions:
- Rounded ceramic brackets combined with stainless-steel ligatures and resin archwires demonstrated the lowest friction losses.
- The manufacturing technology of the bracket systems (CIM, PC, MIM) did not show a critical difference in friction behavior.
- Optimizing bracket-archwire-ligature combinations is key to reducing friction in orthodontic treatments.
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