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Insights into the Angoff method: results from a simulation study.

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Simulations show that panels of approximately 15 judges with varied expertise yield the most precise cut-scores in standard setting. Optimal panel composition balances judge expertise and stringency for reliable and valid results.

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Area of Science:

  • Educational Measurement
  • Psychometrics
  • Standard Setting

Background:

  • Judge attributes can influence cut-scores in standard setting.
  • Simulation study to model effects on cut-score precision.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of panel size, test items, and judge attributes on cut-score precision.
  • To determine optimal conditions for reliable and valid standard setting using the Angoff method.

Main Methods:

  • Simulated 49 combinations of panel sizes (5-80) and item counts (5-80).
  • Varied judge attributes: accuracy, stringency, and leadership.
  • Measured cut-score precision by deviation from true value across 4,900 simulations.

Main Results:

  • Angoff method demonstrated reliability and validity in simulations.
  • Panels of ~15 judges with mixed expertise yielded most precise estimates, especially with sufficient items.
  • Mixed-expertise panels produced more precise cut-scores than homogenous panels.

Conclusions:

  • Simulations enhance understanding of standard-setting models.
  • Defensible cut-score setting is clarified, but practical confirmation is essential.