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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Updated: Mar 21, 2026

Tumor Hypoxia Assessment: In Vivo 3D Oxygen Imaging Through Electron Paramagnetic Resonance
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Hypoxic tumor microenvironment: Opportunities to develop targeted therapies.

Akhil Patel1, Shilpa Sant2

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, United States.

Biotechnology Advances
|May 5, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Targeting tumor hypoxia offers new therapeutic opportunities. This review covers advances in drug therapies and delivery systems for hypoxic tumor microenvironments.

Keywords:
HIF-1HypoxiaPhysicochemical changeSolid tumor microenvironmentTargeted therapypH targeted

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Biochemistry
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Solid tumors develop hypoxic regions due to uncontrolled growth.
  • Hypoxia significantly influences tumor progression and survival.
  • These hypoxic areas present unique targets for cancer therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current trends and advances in drug therapies targeting tumor hypoxia.
  • To explore novel drug delivery systems for hypoxic tumor microenvironments.
  • To discuss physicochemical changes and signaling pathways in hypoxia.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on hypoxia-targeted therapies.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways activated in hypoxic conditions.
  • Examination of drug delivery systems designed for hypoxic environments.

Main Results:

  • Hypoxia involves specific physicochemical changes and signaling pathways.
  • Various treatment strategies target hypoxia-sensitive pathways.
  • Development of hypoxia-targeted drug delivery systems is advancing.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding tumor hypoxia is crucial for developing effective cancer treatments.
  • Targeting hypoxia offers a promising strategy for novel cancer therapies.
  • Advances in drug delivery systems enhance the potential of hypoxia-targeted treatments.