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Related Concept Videos

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

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Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
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Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:21

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Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
To diagnose Barrett's esophagus, healthcare providers often recommend an endoscopy for those showing symptoms of acid reflux. The procedure...
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Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

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Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
Healthcare providers should gather a comprehensive medical history and conduct a physical examination for diagnosis. If esophageal stricture is...
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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease I: Meaning and Pathophysiology01:29

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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) involves the recurrent backflow of the stomach or duodenal contents into the esophagus, leading to troublesome symptoms and potential esophageal mucosal damage. Although GERD is often referred to as a disease, it is more accurately described as a syndrome, as it encompasses a range of symptoms and complications rather than a singular pathological entity, impacting a large number of individuals as the most prevalent upper gastrointestinal problem. Roughly...
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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management01:29

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Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a persistent medical condition that affects many individuals worldwide. Its clinical manifestations can vary greatly, making diagnosis and management challenging for healthcare professionals. The following is a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations, assessment, and management strategies for GERD.
Clinical Manifestations
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Other Disorders of Digestive System01:30

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The gastrointestinal tract is susceptible to various disorders. If the lower esophageal sphincter is damaged, stomach acid can flow back into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation of the lining. This condition is called gastroesophageal reflux disease (known as heartburn) and may cause chest pain and difficulty swallowing. In the stomach, prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like aspirin, chronic alcohol consumption, bacterial infections such as Helicobacter...
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Updated: Mar 21, 2026

Simultaneous Laryngopharyngeal and Conventional Esophageal pH Monitoring
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Functional Esophageal Disorders.

Qasim Aziz1, Ronnie Fass2, C Prakash Gyawali3

  • 1Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Professor, Wingate Institute of Neurogastroneterology, Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London UK, London UK.

Gastroenterology
|May 5, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Functional esophageal disorders involve symptoms like heartburn and chest pain without clear physical causes. Research suggests visceral hypersensitivity and hypervigilance are key, with treatments targeting these offering more promise.

Keywords:
Rome IVchest paindysphagiaesophageal motility disordersgastroesophageal reflux diseaseglobusheartburn

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Esophageal Physiology
  • Functional Bowel Disorders

Background:

  • Functional esophageal disorders present with symptoms like heartburn, chest pain, and dysphagia.
  • These symptoms are not attributable to mechanical obstruction, major motor disorders, or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
  • Current understanding suggests visceral hypersensitivity and hypervigilance play significant roles in symptom generation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of functional esophageal disorders.
  • To explore the role of visceral hypersensitivity and hypervigilance in symptom generation.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of different treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on functional esophageal disorders.
  • Analysis of proposed mechanisms including visceral hypersensitivity and hypervigilance.
  • Evaluation of treatment outcomes for various therapeutic approaches.

Main Results:

  • Treatments targeting motor dysfunction or reflux burden show limited success.
  • Strategies modulating peripheral triggering and central perception are mechanistically viable.
  • Limited outcome data exists for therapies focused on visceral hypersensitivity and hypervigilance.

Conclusions:

  • Visceral hypersensitivity and hypervigilance are critical factors in functional esophageal disorders.
  • Future research should focus on elucidating mechanisms of hypersensitivity and hypervigilance.
  • Developing targeted therapies based on these mechanisms is crucial for improved patient outcomes.