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Enteroviral proteases: structure, host interactions and pathogenicity.
Olli H Laitinen1, Emma Svedin2, Sebastian Kapell2
1BioMediTech, Finland and Fimlab Laboratories, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
Reviews in Medical Virology
|May 5, 2016
Summary
Enteroviruses cause severe diseases by hijacking host cells. Their proteases, 2A(pro) and 3C(pro), cleave host proteins, aiding viral replication and immune evasion, contributing to enterovirus pathology.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Molecular Biology
- Immunology
Background:
- Enteroviruses are common human pathogens causing diverse diseases, from polio to type 1 diabetes.
- The molecular mechanisms of enterovirus pathogenesis are not fully understood.
- Enteroviral proteases 2A(pro) and 3C(pro) are implicated in disease pathology.
Purpose of the Study:
- To discuss the function of enteroviral proteases in viral replication.
- To review how these proteases modulate host cells for viral advantage and immune evasion.
- To highlight new methods for identifying protease targets and disease mechanisms.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on enteroviral proteases.
- Analysis of the role of proteases in viral polyprotein processing.
- Examination of protease-mediated cleavage of host-cell proteins.
Main Results:
- Enteroviral proteases 2A(pro) and 3C(pro) process viral polyproteins and cleave host proteins.
- Host protein cleavage promotes viral replication and evades immune responses.
- Cleavage of dystrophin by 2A(pro) contributes to Coxsackievirus-induced cardiomyopathy.
Conclusions:
- Enteroviral proteases are key mediators of enterovirus-associated diseases.
- Identifying protease targets can reveal novel disease mechanisms.
- Further research into protease-host interactions may lead to new therapeutic strategies.
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