Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

938
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
938
Expected Frequencies in Goodness-of-Fit Tests01:19

Expected Frequencies in Goodness-of-Fit Tests

8.8K
A goodness-of-fit test is conducted to determine whether the observed frequency values are statistically similar to the frequencies expected for the dataset. Suppose the expected frequencies for a dataset are equal such as when predicting the frequency of any number appearing when casting a die. In that case, the expected frequency is the ratio of the total number of observations (n)  to the number of categories (k).
8.8K
Determination of Expected Frequency01:08

Determination of Expected Frequency

2.7K
Suppose one wants to test independence between the two variables of a contingency table. The values in the table constitute the observed frequencies of the dataset. But how does one determine the expected frequency of the dataset? One of the important assumptions is that the two variables are independent, which means the variables do not influence each other. For independent variables, the statistical probability of any event involving both variables is calculated by multiplying the individual...
2.7K
Relative Frequency Histogram01:14

Relative Frequency Histogram

6.7K
The relative frequency depicts the proportion of data points that have each value. The frequency tells the number of data points that have each value. Like the histogram, a relative frequency histogram also has the same shape with a horizontal scale (the x-axis), but the vertical scale (the y-axis) is marked with relative frequencies (percentages of the whole) instead of actual frequencies. A relative frequency histogram is a graphical representation of a frequency distribution where the...
6.7K
Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

897
Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
897
Language Development01:22

Language Development

1.0K
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
1.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Correction: Saksida et al. Is Pupil Response to Speech and Music in Toddlers with Cochlear Implants Asymmetric? <i>Audiol. Res.</i> 2025, <i>15</i>, 108.

Audiology research·2025
Same author

Is Pupil Response to Speech and Music in Toddlers with Cochlear Implants Asymmetric?

Audiology research·2025
Same author

Let's See If You Can Hear: The Effect of Stimulus Type and Intensity to Pupil Diameter Response in Infants and Adults.

Ear and hearing·2025
Same author

Infant preference for specific phonetic cue relations in the contrast between voiced and voiceless stops.

Infancy : the official journal of the International Society on Infant Studies·2024
Same author

Infants show systematic rhythmic motor responses while listening to rhythmic speech.

Frontiers in psychology·2024
Same author

Prosody outweighs statistics in 6-month-old German-learning infants' speech segmentation.

Infancy : the official journal of the International Society on Infant Studies·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 21, 2026

Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody
09:09

Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody

Published on: September 27, 2024

960

Co-occurrence statistics as a language-dependent cue for speech segmentation.

Amanda Saksida1, Alan Langus1, Marina Nespor1

  • 1Language, Cognition and Development Laboratory, SISSA - International School for Advanced Studies, Trieste, Italy.

Developmental Science
|May 6, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Statistical learning aids language acquisition by identifying speech patterns. However, the effectiveness of these statistical cues varies across languages, suggesting infants may need other learning methods initially.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Impact of Emotional Prosodies on Voice Recognition and Perception
05:48

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Impact of Emotional Prosodies on Voice Recognition and Perception

Published on: August 9, 2024

2.1K
Eliciting and Analyzing Male Mouse Ultrasonic Vocalization USV Songs
08:44

Eliciting and Analyzing Male Mouse Ultrasonic Vocalization USV Songs

Published on: May 9, 2017

16.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 21, 2026

Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody
09:09

Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody

Published on: September 27, 2024

960
Author Spotlight: Investigating the Impact of Emotional Prosodies on Voice Recognition and Perception
05:48

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Impact of Emotional Prosodies on Voice Recognition and Perception

Published on: August 9, 2024

2.1K
Eliciting and Analyzing Male Mouse Ultrasonic Vocalization USV Songs
08:44

Eliciting and Analyzing Male Mouse Ultrasonic Vocalization USV Songs

Published on: May 9, 2017

16.6K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Language acquisition is hypothesized to involve associative learning mechanisms.
  • Distributional regularities in spoken language may support statistical learning of speech units.
  • The reliability of distributional cues for speech segmentation in humans is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cross-linguistic viability of different statistical learning strategies for speech segmentation.
  • To analyze child-directed speech corpora from nine languages to model statistics-based segmentation.
  • To determine how language-specific differences influence the success of statistical segmentation strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of child-directed speech corpora from nine diverse languages.
  • Modeling of various statistics-based speech segmentation strategies.
  • Investigation of cross-linguistic differences in the effectiveness of these strategies.

Main Results:

  • The success of statistical speech segmentation strategies varies significantly across languages.
  • Systematic language differences, such as rhythm, partially explain this variability.
  • Findings confirm that different statistical learning strategies are optimal for different languages.

Conclusions:

  • Infants may need to rely on non-statistical cues for initial speech segmentation.
  • The effectiveness of statistical learning in language acquisition is language-dependent.
  • Understanding cross-linguistic variations is crucial for explaining early language development.