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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
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Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
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Secondary Lymphoid Organs01:15

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Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
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Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
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[Sarcoidosis].

B C Frye1, J C Schupp1, T C Köhler1

  • 1Department Innere Medizin, Klinik für Pneumologie, Universitätsklinik Freiburg, Killianstr. 5, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland.

Zeitschrift Fur Rheumatologie
|May 6, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sarcoidosis is a rare granulomatous disease affecting multiple organs. Diagnosis involves bronchoscopy, and treatment focuses on organ impairment, often starting with corticosteroids.

Keywords:
ArthritisGranulomaImmunosuppressionLungsLymph nodes

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Pulmonology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Sarcoidosis is a rare granulomatous disease with multi-organ involvement, primarily affecting lymph nodes and lungs.
  • It presents a diagnostic challenge, often mimicking rheumatic diseases.
  • Understanding its varied presentation is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the diagnostic procedures for sarcoidosis.
  • To discuss therapeutic strategies based on disease severity and organ involvement.
  • To highlight sarcoidosis as a critical differential diagnosis in rheumatology.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnostic clarification relies on bronchoscopy with endobronchial ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration of mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes.
  • Evaluation of sarcoidosis-associated functional organ impairment guides therapeutic decisions.
  • Review of current treatment guidelines and emerging therapies.

Main Results:

  • Bronchoscopy with lymph node aspiration is the primary diagnostic tool.
  • Therapy initiation is reserved for cases with significant organ impairment due to high spontaneous remission rates.
  • Corticosteroids are first-line treatment, with methotrexate and azathioprine as second-line options.

Conclusions:

  • Sarcoidosis requires a high index of suspicion as a differential diagnosis for rheumatic conditions.
  • Treatment decisions for sarcoidosis must be individualized based on organ function.
  • Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors represent a potential third-line therapy for refractory cases.