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Related Concept Videos

Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): Interferences01:20

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Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) is a highly selective and sensitive technique for accurate elemental analysis. Though the analysis of ICP–MS mass spectra is comparatively straightforward, it is affected by spectroscopic and non-spectroscopic interferences. Spectroscopic interferences arise when the plasma contains ionic species with an m/z value the same as the analyte ion. Spectroscopic interference can be categorized as isobaric, polyatomic ions, and...
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In 1971, Peter Perlman and Eva Engvall developed an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA or EIA). ELISA differs from western blot in that the assays are conducted in microtiter plates or in vivo rather than on an absorbent membrane.
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Interference leads to systematic error in atomic absorption (AA) measurements by enhancing or diminishing the analytical signal or the background. These interferences can be grouped into three main categories: spectral interference, chemical interference, and physical interference.
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Updated: Mar 21, 2026

Author Spotlight: Expanding the Scope of Multiplex Immunoassays for Lyme Borreliosis Diagnostics and Pathogen Research
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Serum indices: managing assay interference.

Christopher-John L Farrell1, Andrew C Carter2

  • 1Laverty Pathology, North Ryde, NSW, Australia Chris.Farrell@Laverty.com.au.

Annals of Clinical Biochemistry
|May 6, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Clinical labs face challenges with haemolysis, icterus, and lipaemia in samples. Establishing rational alert limits through interference testing is crucial for accurate results and harmonized sample handling across platforms.

Keywords:
Haemolysisicterusindexindicesinterferencelipaemia

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Area of Science:

  • Clinical Chemistry
  • Laboratory Medicine
  • Analytical Biochemistry

Background:

  • Clinical laboratories frequently encounter haemolysis, icterus, and lipaemia (HIL) in patient samples.
  • Automated chemistry analysers use spectrophotometry for rapid HIL sample identification.
  • Accurate quantification of HIL interference is vital for reliable diagnostic results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To emphasize the importance of rational alert limits for HIL interference.
  • To address the need for harmonization of HIL sample handling across laboratory networks and analytical platforms.
  • To guide laboratories in managing HIL interferences effectively.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing spectrophotometric measurements on automated chemistry analysers for HIL index measurement.
  • Conducting interference testing experiments to establish sound alert limits.
  • Performing initial verification and ongoing quality control testing for index accuracy.
  • Analyzing interference mechanisms to predict and confirm assay variations.

Main Results:

  • Technical advances enable rapid and accurate identification of HIL samples.
  • Harmonization requires considering analytical aspects and inter-manufacturer assay variations.
  • Verification and quality control ensure accuracy and manage inter-analyser biases.
  • Interference testing confirms predicted similarities or quantifies differences in HIL effects.

Conclusions:

  • Setting rational alert limits based on interference testing is essential for accurate HIL quantification.
  • Harmonization of HIL sample handling across platforms is achievable through careful consideration of analytical and inter-manufacturer factors.
  • A rigorous approach to HIL interference testing translates analytical progress into improved patient care.