Pathogenesis and treatment options for intradialytic hypertension

Controversy surrounds the diagnosis and treatment of intradialytic hypertension. Here, we describe the definition, epidemiology and management of intradialytic hypertension. Although this hemodialysis complication has long been recognized, only recently it was associated with increased morbidity and mortality in dialysis patients. Endothelial cell dysfunction appears to be the major mechanism underlying this blood pressure phenomenon, and the role of extracellular volume and sodium overload remains to be better defined. To treat this potential cardiovascular health threat is necessary to identify and understand the factors that influence it.