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Updated: Aug 19, 2026

Electrolytic Inferior Vena Cava Model (EIM) of Venous Thrombosis
Published on: July 12, 2011
Intermittent superior caval venous syndrome due to permanent transvenous electrode
D Antonelli1, T Rosenfeld, Z Kaveh
1Department of Cardiology, Central Emek Hospital, Afula, Israel.
Abstract:
A 75-year-old man began suffering from intermittent episodes of superior caval venous syndrome, seven years after implantation of an endocardial pacemaker via the right cephalic vein. The obstruction of the superior caval vein was confirmed by venography and computed tomography of the chest. Changes of the intrathoracic pressure were considered to be the mechanism responsible for the intermittence of the syndrome.
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