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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 21, 2026

Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories
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Individual differences in visual imagery determine how event information is remembered.

Signy Sheldon1, Robert Amaral2, Brian Levine3,4

  • 1a Department of Psychology , McGill University , Montreal , Canada.

Memory (Hove, England)
|May 6, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Individual differences in spatial imagery ability affect memory recall. High spatial imagery individuals showed reduced accuracy when visual imagery was interfered with, highlighting the importance of considering individual variations in memory research.

Keywords:
Episodic memoryimageryindividual differences

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Memory

Background:

  • Individual differences in mental imagery during memory recall are significant but understudied.
  • Variations exist in the richness of visual imagery accompanying reminiscence.
  • Understanding these differences is crucial for a comprehensive view of human memory.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how spatial and object imagery abilities modulate imagery interference during event memory retrieval.
  • To examine the impact of dynamic visual noise (DVN) on memory accuracy in relation to individual imagery skills.

Main Methods:

  • Participants viewed video clips of complex events and answered questions about details (event, spatial, feature).
  • Visual imagery was interfered with using dynamic visual noise (DVN) or a control grey screen during memory retrieval.
  • Individual differences in spatial and object imagery ability were assessed.

Main Results:

  • Dynamic visual noise (DVN) significantly impacted memory accuracy, with effects varying by individual spatial imagery ability.
  • Individuals with high spatial imagery ability demonstrated reduced accuracy when DVN was present compared to those with low spatial imagery ability.
  • This interference effect was observed for event and spatial details, but not for feature details.

Conclusions:

  • Individual differences in spatial imagery ability play a critical role in memory retrieval under conditions of imagery interference.
  • The findings underscore the necessity of incorporating individual variations in imagery skills into memory research.
  • Future studies should consider these differences for a more nuanced understanding of memory processes.