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[Glutamate lonotropic Receptors: Structure, Localisation, Function].

V N Perfilova, I N Tyurenkov

Uspekhi Fiziologicheskikh Nauk

|May 7, 2016

Summary

Ionotropic glutamate receptors, including NMDA and AMPA types, are crucial for brain function and neuronal communication. Their dysfunction can lead to excitotoxicity and neuronal damage, impacting various physiological systems.

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Molecular Biology
Cellular Physiology

Background:

Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) are critical ligand-gated ion channels in the central and peripheral nervous systems.
These receptors, including NMDA, AMPA, and kainate subtypes, mediate fast excitatory neurotransmission.
Dysregulation of iGluRs is implicated in various neurological disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the structure, location, and function of ionotropic glutamate receptors.
To highlight the role of NMDA- and AMPA-receptors in synaptic plasticity and excitotoxicity.
To discuss the involvement of iGluRs in diverse physiological systems.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on iGluR structure and function.
Analysis of data concerning receptor localization in CNS and peripheral organs.

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Examination of allosteric modulators, agonists, and antagonists impacting iGluR activity.

Main Results:

Ionotropic glutamate receptors are essential for action potential formation.
NMDA- and AMPA-receptors are key players in long-term potentiation.
Hyperactivity of NMDA- and AMPA-receptors leads to excitotoxicity, causing neuronal damage.
iGluRs regulate vital systems including mental, respiratory, sensory, cardiovascular, and nociceptive functions.

Conclusions:

Ionotropic glutamate receptors are fundamental to neuronal signaling and function.
Understanding iGluR mechanisms is vital for addressing neurological conditions.
Targeting iGluRs offers potential therapeutic strategies for neuronal disorders.