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The Relative State Model: Integrating Need-Based and Ability-Based Pathways to Risk-Taking.

Sandeep Mishra1, Pat Barclay2, Adam Sparks3

  • 11 University of Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada.

Personality and Social Psychology Review : an Official Journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc
|May 7, 2016
PubMed
Summary

People take risks due to competitive disadvantage (need-based) or possessing advantageous traits (ability-based). A new model integrates these pathways to explain varied risk-taking behaviors across contexts.

Keywords:
antisocial conductdomain-specificityembodied capitalevolutionary psychologyindividual differencesriskrisk-sensitivity theorysignaling

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Economics
  • Decision Science
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Understanding the drivers of risk-taking behavior is crucial across various domains.
  • Previous research has explored individual differences and situational factors influencing risk.
  • Disagreements persist regarding whether risk-taking is domain-general or domain-specific.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the underlying reasons for risk-taking behavior.
  • To explore the relationship between risk-taking in different contexts.
  • To propose a unified model integrating multiple pathways to risk-taking.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a conceptual model, the relative state model.
  • Integration of need-based and ability-based pathways to risk.
  • Analysis of how situational and embodied factors influence cost-benefit estimations.

Main Results:

  • Risk-taking can stem from competitive disadvantage (need-based) or advantageous traits/signaling (ability-based).
  • These pathways are non-independent and interact to influence decisions.
  • The relative state model explicates the influence of context on risk assessment.

Conclusions:

  • The relative state model offers a framework to reconcile differing views on risk etiology.
  • It explains domain-specificity versus generality and engagement in antisocial/non-antisocial risk.
  • This model provides a nuanced understanding of decision-making under risk.