Callosal Disconnection Syndrome Associated with Relapsing Polychondritis

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Immunology
• Rheumatology

Background:

• Relapsing polychondritis (RP) is a rare systemic autoimmune disease targeting cartilaginous tissues.
• Neurological involvement in RP, particularly encephalitis, presents with diverse symptoms based on affected brain regions.

Observation:

• This report details a 72-year-old man with RP who developed acute meningoencephalitis involving the corpus callosum.
• The patient experienced significant neurological deficits, including difficulties with bimanual tasks and dyspraxia, despite initial symptom improvement.

Findings:

• The case highlights a rare instance of callosal disconnection syndrome secondary to relapsing polychondritis-associated meningoencephalitis.
• Immunosuppressive therapy led to clinical improvement, though some motor and coordination deficits persisted.

Implications:

• Recognizing RP as a potential cause of callosal disconnection syndrome is vital for timely diagnosis and treatment.
• Early identification of neurological manifestations in RP can prevent long-term disability and improve patient outcomes.