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Rhizaria are a diverse group of unicellular protists characterized by their threadlike cytoplasmic extensions known as pseudopodia. These structures aid in both locomotion and feeding, giving Rhizaria an amoeboid appearance. Their amoeboid morphology once led to taxonomic confusion, but molecular phylogenetics has clarified their evolutionary placement and emphasized their shared use of pseudopodia despite divergent lineages.This clade comprises diverse lineages such as Chlorarachniophyta,...
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The deep ocean and its underlying sediments represent vast, largely unexplored microbial habitats that extend far beyond the sunlit photic zone. The photic (euphotic) zone typically spans the upper ~100–200 meters of pelagic waters in the open ocean, but its depth varies geographically and seasonally, where sufficient light supports photosynthetic life. Below this lies the deep sea, spanning roughly 1000–6000 meters (bathypelagic to abyssal zones), with deeper hadal trenches...
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Plate tectonics drive tropical reef biodiversity dynamics.

Fabien Leprieur1, Patrice Descombes2,3,4, Théo Gaboriau1

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Plate tectonics significantly influenced marine biodiversity by reshaping shallow tropical seas over 140 million years. This research models how habitat changes and dispersal drove marine fauna diversification and movement, explaining current patterns.

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Area of Science:

  • Paleogeography and Marine Ecology
  • Tectonic Influences on Biodiversity

Background:

  • The Cretaceous breakup of Gondwana altered shallow tropical seas and marine basin configurations.
  • The relationship between tropical reef distribution, plate tectonics, and marine biodiversity remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the links between plate tectonic processes, tropical reef availability, and marine biodiversity patterns.
  • To model the emergence and movement of marine diversity hotspots over the past 140 million years.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a spatial diversification model constrained by absolute plate motions over 140 million years.
  • Utilized a mechanistic model based on habitat-driven diversification and dispersal.

Main Results:

  • The model successfully predicted the emergence and movement of diversity hotspots on tropical reefs.
  • Spatial dynamics of tropical reefs explained marine fauna diversification in the Tethyan Ocean (Cretaceous-Cenozoic).
  • Identified an eastward migration of marine lineages to the Indo-Australian Archipelago during the Miocene.

Conclusions:

  • Plate tectonics is a major driver of tropical marine shallow reef biodiversity dynamics.
  • Habitat-driven diversification and dispersal models accurately predict current biodiversity patterns for corals and fishes.