Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

23.6K
Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
23.6K
Phase Transitions01:21

Phase Transitions

43
A phase transition is the process in which a substance changes from one state of matter to another, like from a solid to a liquid, liquid to gas, or vice versa, at a specific temperature and under given pressure conditions. This change is spontaneous and is affected by alterations in temperature and pressure. These parameters impact the strength of the forces between molecules (intermolecular forces) in the substance.During a phase transition, both the initial and final phases of the substance...
43
Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge02:54

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge

27.2K
An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
27.2K
Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

15.6K
Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
15.6K
Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

20.8K
Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
20.8K
Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

22.0K
The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...
22.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Photoinduced Enhancement of Chemical Shift Sensitivity to Local Vibrations.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Fast array-based particle coincidence detection in a Timepix3-based velocity map imaging instrument.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026
Same author

Dichography: two-frame ultrafast imaging from a single diffraction pattern.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Redirection and reshaping of intense extreme-ultraviolet radiation.

Science advances·2026
Same author

Molecular magnetic X-ray scattering with ultrashort X-ray free-electron lasers: from spin-orbit dynamics to Berry phase detection.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026
Same author

Liquid jet capabilities for ultrafast chemistry at the SwissFEL Alvra instrument.

Journal of synchrotron radiation·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 21, 2026

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets
06:26

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets

Published on: May 15, 2017

7.7K

Transient lattice contraction in the solid-to-plasma transition.

Ken R Ferguson1, Maximilian Bucher2, Tais Gorkhover3

  • 1Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.; Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

Science Advances
|May 7, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Strong X-ray pulses caused electron delocalization in van der Waals clusters, leading to transient lattice contraction and a solid-to-plasma transition. This reveals a new phonon-driven process altering material properties under extreme conditions.

Keywords:
clusterscatteringultrafastx-ray

More Related Videos

Trapping of Micro Particles in Nanoplasmonic Optical Lattice
07:20

Trapping of Micro Particles in Nanoplasmonic Optical Lattice

Published on: September 5, 2017

7.0K
Investigation of Early Plasma Evolution Induced by Ultrashort Laser Pulses
11:20

Investigation of Early Plasma Evolution Induced by Ultrashort Laser Pulses

Published on: July 2, 2012

15.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 21, 2026

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets
06:26

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets

Published on: May 15, 2017

7.7K
Trapping of Micro Particles in Nanoplasmonic Optical Lattice
07:20

Trapping of Micro Particles in Nanoplasmonic Optical Lattice

Published on: September 5, 2017

7.0K
Investigation of Early Plasma Evolution Induced by Ultrashort Laser Pulses
11:20

Investigation of Early Plasma Evolution Induced by Ultrashort Laser Pulses

Published on: July 2, 2012

15.7K

Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Materials science
  • Plasma physics

Background:

  • Strong optical excitations can trigger phonon-driven processes, altering mechanical properties of condensed matter systems.
  • Understanding material behavior under extreme conditions, such as in warm or hot dense matter, is crucial for various scientific applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the phenomenon of transient lattice contraction induced by massive electronic excitation in van der Waals clusters.
  • To explore the collective change in bond character and its relation to the solid-to-plasma transition.

Main Methods:

  • Single large van der Waals clusters were isochorically heated to a nanoplasma state using an intense 10-fs X-ray (pump) pulse.
  • The structural evolution of the nanoplasma was probed using a second intense X-ray (probe) pulse to observe dynamic changes.

Main Results:

  • Observed systematic lattice contraction in the nanoplasma state.
  • Attributed the contraction to electron delocalization occurring during the solid-to-plasma transition.
  • Demonstrated a novel phonon-driven process initiated by intense X-ray excitation.

Conclusions:

  • Massive electronic excitation can induce collective bond character changes, resulting in transient lattice contraction.
  • The findings are relevant for understanding materials in extreme conditions and ultrafast X-ray imaging.