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Dissipation causes delocalization in many-body-localized systems. This study maps quantum dynamics to classical rate equations, revealing how dephasing and particle loss affect relaxation in ultracold atom systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Ultracold atoms

Background:

  • Many-body localization (MBL) prevents thermalization in isolated quantum systems.
  • Coupling an MBL system to a bath typically induces delocalization and thermalization.
  • Understanding the dynamics of this transition is crucial for quantum technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the relaxation dynamics of a many-body-localized system coupled to a dissipative bath.
  • Characterize the information encoded in these dynamics about the localized state.
  • Analyze the distinct effects of different dissipation mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Formulated the Lindblad equation using local integrals of motion.
  • Mapped quantum evolution in the localized regime to classical rate equations.
  • Considered two dissipation types: dephasing and particle loss.

Main Results:

  • Developed a tractable method to study quantum dynamics under dissipation.
  • Distinguished the effects of dephasing and particle loss on relaxation.
  • Characterized behavior in weak and strong interaction limits.

Conclusions:

  • Dissipation-driven delocalization dynamics can be effectively modeled using classical rate equations derived from local integrals of motion.
  • The specific nature of dissipation significantly influences the relaxation pathways and timescales.
  • The framework provides insights into controlling and understanding quantum states in dissipative environments.