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Updated: Mar 21, 2026

Objective Nociceptive Assessment in Ventilated ICU Patients: A Feasibility Study Using Pupillometry and the Nociceptive Flexion Reflex
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Objective Nociceptive Assessment in Ventilated ICU Patients: A Feasibility Study Using Pupillometry and the Nociceptive Flexion Reflex

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Evaluation of Pain Assessment Tools in Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation

Zainab Q Al Darwish1, Radwa Hamdi, Summayah Fallatah

  • 1Zainab Q. Al Darwish is Nursing Lecturer, The Saad College of Nursing & Allied Health Sciences, Al Khobar 31952, Saudi Arabia (zainabdarweish@hotmail.com). Radwa Hamdi is Assistant Professor, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, College of Nursing, University of Dammam, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia. Summayah Fallatah is Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, College of Medicine, University of Dammam, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia.

AACN Advanced Critical Care
|May 7, 2016
PubMed

Pain assessment poses a great challenge for clinicians in intensive care units. This descriptive study aimed to find the most reliable, sensitive, and valid tool for assessing pain. The researcher and a nurse simultaneously assessed 47 nonverbal patients receiving mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit by using 3 tools: the Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS), the Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT), and the adult Nonverbal Pain Scale (NVPS) before, during, and after turning and suctioning. All tools were found to be reliable and valid (Cronbach α = 0.95 for both the BPS and the CPOT, α = 0.86 for the NVPS), and all subscales of both the BPS and CPOT were highly sensitive for assessing pain (P < .001). The NVPS physiology (P = .21) and respiratory (P = .16) subscales were not sensitive for assessing pain. The BPS was the most reliable, valid, and sensitive tool, with the CPOT considered an appropriate alternative tool for assessing pain. The NVPS is not recommended because of its inconsistent psychometric properties.

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