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Related Experiment Videos

C4 photosynthesis evolution: the conditional Mt. Fuji.

David Heckmann1

  • 1Heinrich Heine University, Institute for Computer Science, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.

Current Opinion in Plant Biology
|May 7, 2016
PubMed
Summary

C4 photosynthesis, a complex trait, evolved multiple times by modifying C3 plants. Enabling factors, unrelated to C4, likely influenced these evolutionary events, paving the way for increased photosynthetic efficiency.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • C4 photosynthesis enhances efficiency by suppressing photorespiration, requiring significant modifications to the ancestral C3 state.
  • The C4 trait has evolved independently over 60 times, suggesting non-random evolutionary pathways.
  • Phylogenetic patterns indicate that pre-existing 'enabling factors' in C3 lineages facilitate C4 evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize recent advances in understanding the enabling events and quantitative models of C4 evolution.
  • To propose a consensus trajectory for C4 photosynthesis evolution.
  • To hypothesize the impact of enabling factors on the fitness landscape during C4 evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of existing research on C4 evolution.

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  • Analysis of C3-C4 intermediate species in modeling C4 evolution.
  • Hypothetical modeling of enabling factors' effects on evolutionary fitness.

    • Main Results:

    • Substantial progress has been made in identifying enabling events and developing quantitative models for C4 evolution.
    • A consensus trajectory for C4 evolution is emerging, integrating anatomical, genetic, and kinetic modifications.
    • Enabling factors are hypothesized to significantly influence the evolutionary trajectory and fitness landscape of C4 photosynthesis.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding C4 evolution requires integrating knowledge of enabling factors with physiological and evolutionary models.
    • Further experimental studies and refined quantitative models are crucial for a complete picture of C4 photosynthesis evolution.
    • The independent evolution of C4 photosynthesis is likely driven by a combination of pre-existing traits and selective pressures.