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Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

2.7K
Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Overview
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Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

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The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
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Evaluation of T Follicular Helper Cells and Germinal Center Response During Influenza A Virus Infection in Mice
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T-cell abnormalities in common variable immunodeficiency: the hidden defect.

Gabriel K Wong1, Aarnoud P Huissoon1

  • 1MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK West Midlands Primary Immunodeficiency Centre, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham, UK.

Journal of Clinical Pathology
|May 8, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Common variable immunodeficiency involves T-cell exhaustion due to reduced thymic output. This immune dysregulation affects T-cell populations, impacting patients with Freiburg Group 1a and inflammatory complications.

Keywords:
AUTOIMMUNITYCMVIMMUNODEFICIENCYIMMUNOGLOBULINLYMPHOCYTES

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Clinical Medicine
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) primarily focuses on B-cell defects.
  • Emerging evidence highlights significant T-cell abnormalities in a substantial subset of CVID patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of T-cell compartment dysfunction in CVID.
  • To explore the implications of T-cell exhaustion and immune dysregulation in CVID pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental data and clinical observations in CVID patients.
  • Analysis of T-cell subsets, including T-cell receptor excision circles, naïve T cells, invariant NKT cells, regulatory T cells, and CD8 T cells.
  • Discussion of thymic output and T-cell exhaustion mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Premature arrest in thymic output leads to reduced T-cell receptor excision circles, naïve T cells, invariant NKT cells, and regulatory T cells.
  • CD8 T cells exhibit exhaustion, potentially through antigen-dependent or independent pathways.
  • T-cell abnormalities are prevalent in Freiburg Group 1a patients and those with inflammatory complications.

Conclusions:

  • T-cell exhaustion and immune dysregulation are critical features of CVID, extending beyond B-cell defects.
  • Further research, including longitudinal data and molecular characterization, is essential.
  • The potential risks of anti-T-cell therapies in CVID warrant careful consideration.