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Related Concept Videos

Cold Weather Concreting01:27

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When freshly poured concrete is exposed to freezing temperatures before it has set, the water within the concrete can freeze. This expansion disrupts the setting process, delays chemical reactions necessary for hardening, and increases the volume of pores within the hardened concrete, which weakens its overall structure. If the concrete manages to reach an appreciable strength before it freezes, the damage can be somewhat mitigated.
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A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...
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In cold weather, masonry construction requires specific precautions to ensure mortar does not freeze before curing, as this can significantly weaken its strength and watertightness. Mortar temperature should be maintained between 60°F and 80°F to support proper hydration and curing. Below 40°F, mortar water must be heated, but should not exceed 120°F as high temperatures can reduce mortar's compressive and bond strength.
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Concrete structures in cold climates, such as those along roadsides, can retain moisture. This moisture makes them susceptible to frost-related damage when temperatures fall below freezing. Adding moisture worsens the damage during temperature fluctuations, leading to repeated freezing and thawing. De-icing salts, spread over these structures to melt ice, add to the freeze-thaw cycle, and draw even more moisture into the concrete.
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Concrete's susceptibility to frost damage during freeze-thaw cycles demands strategic measures to enhance its frost resistance. Employing techniques like air entrainment, adjusting the water-cement ratio, proper curing, and selecting appropriate aggregates are essential.
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Field-Based Thermal Physiology Assay: Cold Shock Recovery under Ambient Conditions
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Out in the cold.

Jane Bates1

  • 1Hampshire.

Nursing Standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)
|May 8, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Physicians sometimes share personal experiences with patients, like experiencing permanently cold feet. This shared empathy can build rapport but requires careful consideration of professional boundaries.

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Area of Science:

  • Medicine
  • Patient-Physician Relationship
  • Symptom Management

Background:

  • Physician empathy is crucial for effective patient care.
  • Shared personal experiences can enhance the patient-physician connection.
  • Certain symptoms, like cold extremities, can be bothersome and relatable.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the impact of a physician sharing a personal symptom experience with a patient.
  • To examine the role of shared empathy in the clinical setting.
  • To understand the nuances of physician self-disclosure.

Main Methods:

  • Qualitative reflection on a specific clinical encounter.
  • Analysis of a shared moment of empathy regarding cold feet.
  • Consideration of the physician's internal thought process.

Main Results:

  • A moment of shared empathy occurred between a physician and a patient over the symptom of cold feet.
  • The physician reflected on the appropriateness and impact of this shared experience.
  • The interaction highlighted a potential avenue for building patient rapport.

Conclusions:

  • Sharing relatable personal symptoms can foster empathy and connection.
  • Physicians must navigate the balance between professional boundaries and genuine human connection.
  • Further exploration is needed on the therapeutic value and potential risks of such shared experiences.