Relationship between jaw muscle volume and craniofacial form

To study the relationship between craniofacial form and jaw muscle function, we evaluated 25 adult male subjects with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (age, 30-61 years; weight, 58-122 kg) on the basis of CT scans obtained for routine diagnostic purposes. All scans were obtained with the Frankfort horizontal plane at right angles to the floor; each CT slice was 8 mm thick. Masseter and medial pterygoid muscle outlines were traced, digitized, and stored, and three-dimensional reconstructions were made for calculation of muscle volume. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were analyzed for quantification of selected craniofacial variables. Significant correlations could not be identified between physiological apnea variables and jaw muscle volume. An intersubject variability in masseter muscle volume was identified (range, 22.4-38.1 cm3). Medial pterygoid muscle volume revealed more variability (range, 7.4-15.2 cm3). Masseter muscle volume had a negative correlation with mandibular plane and gonial angle, and a positive correlation with posterior face height, ramus height, posterior face length, condylar center to first molar point length, gonion to pterygomaxillary fissure length, and the ramus height/anterior face height ratio. Medial pterygoid muscle volume showed a positive correlation with posterior face height, ramus height, posterior face length, and the lengths between condylar center to first molar contact point, gonion to pterygomaxillary fissure, and antegonion to key ridge. Subjects with large masseter and medial pterygoid muscle volumes had flat mandibular and occlusal planes, and small gonial angles.