Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 21, 2026

Author Spotlight: Oxygen-Independent Assays to Measure Mitochondrial Function in Mammals
05:59

Author Spotlight: Oxygen-Independent Assays to Measure Mitochondrial Function in Mammals

Published on: May 19, 2023

3.6K

Mitochondrial ROS regulation of proliferating cells

Lauren Diebold1, Navdeep S Chandel1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.

Free Radical Biology & Medicine
|May 8, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Mitochondria-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) are crucial for cell proliferation signaling. These molecules regulate both normal cell growth and the progression of diseases like cancer.

Area of Science:

  • Redox biology
  • Cellular signaling
  • Mitochondrial function

Background:

  • Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were traditionally viewed as damaging agents.
  • Mitochondria are a primary source of intracellular ROS (mROS).
  • Emerging evidence highlights mROS's critical role in cellular redox signaling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the positive regulatory role of mROS in mitogenic cellular signaling.
  • To discuss the involvement of mROS in both physiological and pathological proliferation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on mROS and cellular proliferation.
  • Analysis of mROS involvement in key signaling pathways (HIFs, Ang II, TCR).
  • Examination of mROS's role in hypoxia and angiogenesis.

Main Results:

  • mROS are essential for physiological cell proliferation, notably regulating hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs).
  • mROS mediate growth factor signaling cascades, including angiotensin II (Ang II) and T-cell receptor (TCR) pathways.
  • Cancer cells exploit mROS to promote aberrant signaling, angiogenesis, and proliferation under hypoxia.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondrial ROS (mROS) are vital positive regulators of mitogenic signaling.
  • Redox biology mediated by mROS is critical for normal cell proliferation.
  • Aberrant mROS signaling contributes to pathological proliferative diseases, such as cancer.
Keywords:
MitochondriaROS

More Related Videos

Improving the Accuracy of Flow Cytometric Assessment of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential in Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells Through the Inhibition of Efflux Pumps07:17

Improving the Accuracy of Flow Cytometric Assessment of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential in Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells Through the Inhibition of Efflux Pumps

Published on: July 30, 2019

8.4K
Sensitive Measurement of Mitophagy by Flow Cytometry Using the pH-dependent Fluorescent Reporter mt-Keima09:13

Sensitive Measurement of Mitophagy by Flow Cytometry Using the pH-dependent Fluorescent Reporter mt-Keima

Published on: August 12, 2018

16.0K

Related Concept Videos

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
5.0K
Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
5.4K
Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
19.5K
Mitogens and the Cell Cycle02:38

Mitogens and the Cell Cycle

Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
8.4K
Molecular Factors Affecting Cell Division01:27

Molecular Factors Affecting Cell Division

Several external and internal factors influence the initiation and inhibition of cell division. For instance, the death of nearby cells or the release of human growth hormone (hGH) promotes cell division. In contrast, lack of hGH or crowding of cells can inhibit cell division.
Several proteins function as internal regulators to ensure each cell cycle stage is completed faithfully before proceeding to the next. Regulator molecules may act directly or influence the activity or production of other...
4.1K
Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
17.7K