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Hazardous indoor CO2 concentrations in volcanic environments.

Fátima Viveiros1, João L Gaspar1, Teresa Ferreira1

  • 1Centro de Vulcanologia e Avaliação de Riscos Geológicos (CVARG), University of the Azores, Rua Mãe de Deus, 9500-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal.

Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)
|May 8, 2016
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High indoor carbon dioxide (CO2) levels were found in Azores villages situated over volcanic degassing zones. Environmental factors like low barometric pressure and rainfall significantly influence these hazardous CO2 concentrations.

Keywords:
Carbon dioxideHuman healthIndoor environmentsRisk assessmentVolcanic gases

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Area of Science:

  • Geochemistry
  • Environmental Science
  • Volcanology

Background:

  • Diffuse volcanic degassing releases carbon dioxide (CO2), a soil gas, in both volcanic and non-volcanic regions.
  • Villages in the Azores archipelago are situated in areas prone to diffuse CO2 degassing.
  • Lethal indoor CO2 concentrations exceeding 10 vol % have been recorded in Furnas village, located within the Furnas Volcano caldera.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the factors influencing hazardous indoor carbon dioxide concentrations in Furnas village.
  • To analyze the relationship between environmental variables and CO2 levels in a diffuse degassing area.
  • To identify seasonal patterns in indoor CO2 concentrations.

Main Methods:

  • Collected time-series data for CO2 and environmental variables from April 2008 to March 2010.
  • Applied multivariate regression analysis to correlate CO2 variations with environmental factors.
  • Analyzed both short-term (spike-like) and long-term (seasonal) CO2 fluctuations.

Main Results:

  • Environmental variables, including barometric pressure, soil water content, and wind speed, explained approximately 30% of indoor CO2 variation.
  • Elevated indoor CO2 levels were associated with adverse weather conditions: low barometric pressure, rainfall, and high wind speeds.
  • Indoor CO2 concentrations exhibited seasonal variations, being higher during winter and lower during dry summer months.

Conclusions:

  • Diffuse CO2 degassing poses a significant hazard in populated volcanic areas.
  • Environmental factors play a crucial role in modulating indoor CO2 concentrations.
  • The development and implementation of CO2 hazard maps are essential for land-use planning and public safety in vulnerable regions.