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Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS01:21

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Laxatives are primarily used to alleviate constipation, a common gastrointestinal disorder characterized by infrequent bowel movements and difficulty passing stools. They work by various mechanisms to increase the volume or frequency of bowel movements. The primary modes of action of laxatives include increasing stool bulk, softening the stool, stimulating intestinal motility, and osmotically drawing water into the intestines.
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Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
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Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
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Approach to Constipation in Children.

Ujjal Poddar1

  • 1Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. Correspondence to: Dr Ujjal Poddar, Professor, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, SGPGIMS, Lucknow 226 014, Uttar Pradesh, India. ujjalpoddar@hotmail.com.

Indian Pediatrics
|May 10, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Constipation affects 3% of young children globally, with 95% experiencing functional constipation. Effective management involves disimpaction, laxatives, lifestyle changes, and consistent follow-up for successful treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Limited literature and widespread misconceptions regarding constipation exist in India.
  • Constipation is a common pediatric issue with significant implications for quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology, clinical features, and management of constipation in children.
  • To address functional and refractory constipation with a focus on evidence-based practices.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was performed on PubMed.
  • Included English language studies published within the last 25 years, focusing on epidemiology, clinical features, and management.
  • Special emphasis was placed on functional and refractory constipation.

Main Results:

  • Globally, an estimated 3% of toddlers and pre-school children experience constipation, with 95% of these cases being functional.
  • Functional constipation is primarily diagnosed through careful history and physical examination.
  • Management strategies include disimpaction, oral laxatives, dietary modifications, and toilet training, requiring sustained follow-up.

Conclusions:

  • Functional constipation is highly prevalent in children and manageable with established protocols.
  • Refractory constipation is less common but may benefit from specialized investigations like radiological colon transit studies.
  • Antegrade continence enema is a valuable tool for managing slow transit constipation.