Fruit Composition of Elderberry (Sambucus spp.) Genotypes Grown in Oregon and Missouri, USA

Twelve Sambucus nigra subsp. canadensis genotypes were grown at two Missouri and one Oregon (USA) locations to characterize fruit composition in 2004, 2005, and 2006. Fruit was also sampled from an additional 10 genotypes of subsp. canadensis and nigra grown in Oregon. Soluble solids content ranged from 8.9 to 12.5 °Brix, and titratable acid (as citric acid) was 0.4 to 1.7 g/100ml. Ferric ion reducing activity potential (FRAP) values were 15.6 to 30.7 μmol/g trolox equivalents. Total anthocyanin content ranged from 85 to 385 mg/100 g cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalents (C3GE) and total phenolic content was 421 to 719 mg/100 g gallic acid equivalents (GAE). Of the genotypes sampled in three locations, six genotypes were high (250-350), and four were very low in total anthocyanin (<150 mg/100 g C3GE), respectively. 'Barn' and 'Scotia' were highest, and 'Nova' lowest in total anthocyanin content among genotypes grown in Oregon. Of the total antioxidant tests used, total phenolics was the best quick test, as it is the easiest of the assays, showed the least change among years, and correlated highly with FRAP.