Recent developments and innovations in gastric cancer

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Surgical Oncology
• Medical Oncology

Background:

• Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer incidence and mortality worldwide.
• Lymph node metastasis is a critical prognostic factor in gastric cancer.
• Standard surgical treatment for potentially curable gastric cancers involves D2 lymphadenectomy.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent innovations in gastric cancer diagnosis and treatment.
• To discuss advancements in surgical techniques and therapeutic modalities.
• To highlight the role of emerging treatments and H. pylori eradication.

Main Methods:

• Review of recent studies on gastric cancer treatment innovations.
• Discussion of surgical advancements: D2 lymphadenectomy, endoscopic resection (endoscopic mucosal resection, endoscopic submucosal dissection), laparoscopic, and robotic surgery.
• Exploration of novel therapies: cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy, Trastuzumab, and H. pylori eradication.

Main Results:

• Minimally invasive surgery is safe and effective for early and advanced gastric cancer.
• Hyperthermia enhances antitumor activity and chemotherapy penetration.
• Trastuzumab shows potential in gastric carcinoma treatment, possibly via HER2 pathway interference.
• H. pylori eradication is strongly recommended for gastric malignancies.

Conclusions:

• Recent innovations are rapidly advancing gastric cancer management.
• Minimally invasive and endoscopic techniques offer improved treatment options.
• Combined modalities and targeted therapies like Trastuzumab represent significant progress.
• Addressing H. pylori infection is crucial for gastric cancer prevention and treatment.