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Hemostasis is a crucial process that prevents excessive blood loss from damaged blood vessels. It involves various mechanisms such as vasoconstriction, platelet adhesion and activation, and fibrin formation. The importance of each mechanism depends on the type of vessel injury. In contrast, thrombosis is the abnormal formation of a blood clot within the blood vessels, leading to potential complications if the clot obstructs blood flow. Thrombosis can be caused by increased coagulability of the...
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Vigilant monitoring for aneurysm rupture is essential for patients undergoing aortic surgery.Preoperative Nursing ManagementContinuously monitor the patient for manifestations of aneurysm rupture, such as pallor, weakness, tachycardia, hypotension, abdominal, back, groin, or periumbilical pain, changes in consciousness, and a pulsating abdominal mass. Regularly assess the patient's peripheral pulses.Instruct the patient to consume a clear liquid diet the day before surgery and administer...
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Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
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Cardiac catheterization is an invasive diagnostic technique used to identify and evaluate structural and functional diseases of the heart and major blood vessels. This technique diagnoses congenital heart disease, coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, and coronary spasms and assesses ventricular function. It helps guide treatment decisions, including the need for revascularization procedures like percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and...
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Nursing management begins with a thorough assessment of the patient's health history. Key factors include trauma to veins, peripherally inserted central catheters, varicose veins, recent pregnancy or childbirth, surgery, bacteremia, prolonged bed rest, atrial fibrillation, COPD, heart failure, cancer, coagulation disorders, myocardial infarction, spinal cord injury, stroke, prolonged travel, recent bone fractures, and dehydration. Review medication intake, particularly oral contraceptives,...
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Venous thrombosis requires effective prevention and treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes and reduce potential complications.Prevention StrategiesHealthcare providers must prioritize preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) for all adult patients upon admission. Interventions depend on bleeding and thrombosis risk, medical history, current medications, diagnoses, planned procedures, and patient preferences. Patients on bed rest should change positions every two hours and, if not...
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Updated: Mar 21, 2026

Rapid Point-of-Care Assay of Enoxaparin Anticoagulant Efficacy in Whole Blood
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Intra-Abdominal Hematoma Following Enoxaparin Injection.

Kin Tong Chung1

  • 1Clinical Teaching Fellow, General Surgery/Education Centre, Cumberland Infirmary, Carlisle, Cumbria, UK.

Clinical Medicine Insights. Case Reports
|May 10, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Enoxaparin treatment for deep vein thrombosis can lead to serious complications like pelvic hematoma. This case highlights the risk of recurrent bleeding and mortality despite initial stabilization and conservative management.

Keywords:
deep vein thrombosisenoxaparinintra-abdominal bleeding

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Area of Science:

  • Internal Medicine
  • Radiology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Enoxaparin is a common anticoagulant used for deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
  • Elderly patients may be at higher risk for anticoagulant-related complications.

Observation:

  • An elderly patient on therapeutic enoxaparin for suspected DVT presented with hypovolemic shock and severe abdominal pain.
  • Imaging revealed a large pelvic hematoma, with CT angiography suggesting potential inferior epigastric artery bleeding.

Findings:

  • The patient initially stabilized but experienced recurrent bleeding, leading to death three days after intensive care unit (ICU) discharge.
  • Conservative management was employed due to the absence of active bleeding signs post-initial stabilization.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the critical need for vigilant monitoring of patients on therapeutic enoxaparin, especially the elderly.
  • It highlights the potential for life-threatening retroperitoneal hemorrhage and the challenges in managing recurrent bleeding events.