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Related Concept Videos

Signs of Puberty01:27

Signs of Puberty

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Puberty is a critical phase, typically beginning between the ages of 8 and 13 in girls and 9 and 14 in boys, though timing can vary based on genetics, environmental factors, and overall health. This period is characterized by the development of secondary sexual characteristics and the attainment of reproductive potential. Endocrine changes underpin puberty, with hormonal surges of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) instigated by Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)...
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
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Nature and Nurture01:10

Nature and Nurture

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Many human characteristics, like height, are shaped by both nature—in other words, by our genes—and by nurture, or our environment. For example, chronic stress during childhood inhibits the production of growth hormones and consequently reduces bone growth and height. Scientists estimate that 70-90% of variation in height is due to genetic differences among individuals, and 10-30% of variation in height is due to differences in the environments that individuals experience,...
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Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

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The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH...
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Factors Affecting Erythropoiesis01:24

Factors Affecting Erythropoiesis

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The cardiovascular system regulates the number of erythrocytes in the bloodstream to ensure optimal oxygen transport. It also prevents over-proliferation of these cells, which helps to maintain blood viscosity and flow rate.
Several factors influence the erythrocyte production rate, with tissue oxygen level being among the most critical. Intense exercise or high altitudes can cause tissue hypoxia, which triggers the kidneys to release more erythropoietin (EPO) into the bloodstream.
EPO then...
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Spermatogenesis01:41

Spermatogenesis

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Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male...
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Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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Influence of commercial inactivated or modified-live virus vaccination at time of AI on corpus luteum development and function in beef cattle.

Animal reproduction science·2024
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Timing and duration of nutrient restriction and its impacts on placental development and umbilical blood flow in adolescent sheep.

Theriogenology·2023
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Influence of preovulatory estradiol treatment on the maintenance of pregnancy in beef cattle receiving in vivo produced embryos.

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RNA sequencing and iTRAQ proteomic data from an experiment examining the influence of conceptus presence and preovulatory estradiol on endometrial gene transcripts and proteins around maternal recognition of pregnancy in beef cattle.

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Acute effects of estradiol-17β on plasma volume and uterine cell proliferation in sheep.

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iTRAQ-Based proteomic dataset for bovine pre-ovulatory plasma and follicular fluid containing high and low Estradiol.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 21, 2026

Determination of Reproductive Competence by Confirming Pubertal Onset and Performing a Fertility Assay in Mice and Rats
06:38

Determination of Reproductive Competence by Confirming Pubertal Onset and Performing a Fertility Assay in Mice and Rats

Published on: October 13, 2018

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Factors affecting puberty in replacement beef heifers.

G A Perry1

  • 1South Dakota State University, Department of Animal Science, Brookings, USA.

Theriogenology
|May 11, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Age at puberty in beef cattle is influenced by nutrition, genetics, and growth rate. Early puberty is linked to increased growth and changes in hormonal feedback, crucial for reproductive success.

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Animal Science
  • Neuroendocrinology

Background:

  • Age at puberty is critical for reproductive success and profitability in beef cattle.
  • Puberty involves complex maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis.
  • Nutrition, age, and genetics are key regulators of pubertal onset.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the metabolic and neuroendocrine changes initiating normal estrous cycles in cattle.
  • To understand the regulation of hormonal feedback mechanisms affecting puberty.

Main Methods:

  • The study reviews existing literature on the endocrine and neuroendocrine regulation of puberty in beef cattle.
  • Focuses on the roles of estradiol, luteinizing hormone (LH), and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion.
Keywords:
Beef heiferEstradiolGeneticsNutritionPuberty

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  • Examines the influence of neuropeptides like neuropeptide Y and melanocyte-stimulating hormone alpha.

    • Main Results:

    • Increased growth rate (4-7 months) can advance puberty by reducing estradiol's negative feedback on LH.
    • As puberty nears, decreased estradiol feedback on GnRH increases LH pulse frequency, promoting follicular growth.
    • Changes in neuropeptide signaling, including decreased NPY and increased MSH-alpha, facilitate GnRH/LH release.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding these neuroendocrine shifts is vital for managing cattle reproduction.
    • Metabolic and neuroendocrine factors interact to regulate the initiation of estrous cycles.
    • Early puberty initiation is linked to altered hormonal feedback and growth dynamics.