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Related Concept Videos

The Oral Microbiota01:27

The Oral Microbiota

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The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...
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Introduction to the Human Microbiota01:22

Introduction to the Human Microbiota

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Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity,...
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Microbiota of the Large Intestine01:27

Microbiota of the Large Intestine

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The large intestine hosts the most densely populated microbial ecosystem in the human body. This complex community primarily consists of anaerobic bacteria, with Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) as the predominant groups. The distribution of these microbes varies along different sections of the large intestine, influenced by local environmental factors such as oxygen availability and nutrient composition.The cecum, located at the beginning of the large...
2
Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract01:29

Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract

1
The human respiratory tract, comprising the upper and lower segments, serves as a critical interface with the external environment. The upper respiratory tract (URT)—including the nostrils, sinuses, pharynx, and oropharynx—is heavily colonized by microbes, while the lower respiratory tract (LRT), composed of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, was long thought to be sterile. However, recent molecular studies have revealed that the lungs are not devoid of microbes but act more...
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Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

Development of the Oral Microbiota

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The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
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Microbiota of the Stomach and Small Intestine01:27

Microbiota of the Stomach and Small Intestine

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The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is characterized by distinct physicochemical conditions that shape its microbial communities. Among these, the stomach presents a particularly challenging environment for microbial colonization due to its highly acidic pH, ranging from 1 to 3. This extreme acidity effectively limits microbial density. However, certain acid-tolerant microorganisms are capable of surviving in this niche. Notably, Helicobacter pylori can colonize the gastric mucosa,...
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The Oral Microbiota.

Nicole B Arweiler1, Lutz Netuschil2

  • 1Department of Periodontology, University of Marburg, Georg-Voigt-Str., 35039, Marburg, Germany. arweiler@med.uni-marburg.de.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|May 11, 2016
PubMed
Summary

The oral microbiota, comprising diverse species, protects against harmful bacteria. Maintaining balance is crucial, as disruptions can lead to oral diseases like caries and periodontitis, often managed by biofilm removal.

Keywords:
BiofilmDental plaqueHealth-disease-relationshipPeriodontitis

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Oral Health
  • Human Microbiota

Background:

  • The oral cavity hosts a complex microbiota crucial for health.
  • Oral diseases like caries and periodontitis stem from microbial imbalances.
  • Research has shifted focus from planktonic bacteria to oral biofilms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the role of oral microbiota in health and disease.
  • To explain the formation and significance of oral biofilms (dental plaque).
  • To underscore the importance of biofilm disruption for preventing oral diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing knowledge on oral microbiota and biofilms.
  • Discussion of the transition from healthy oral flora to disease-causing states.
  • Emphasis on the clinical implications of microbial biofilm dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Oral biofilms, such as dental plaque, are organized microbial communities.
  • Imbalances in the oral ecosystem can trigger oral and potentially systemic health issues.
  • Mechanical removal of biofilms is the primary strategy for preventing common oral diseases.

Conclusions:

  • The oral microbiota plays a dual role in health and disease.
  • Understanding oral biofilm formation is key to managing oral health.
  • Regular mechanical biofilm removal, like toothbrushing, remains essential for oral hygiene.