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Updated: Mar 21, 2026

A Data-Driven Approach to Quantifying Immune States in Sepsis
Published on: February 7, 2025
Balanced control of both hyper and hypo-inflammatory phases as a new treatment paradigm in sepsis
Panagiotis Tsirigotis1, Spiros Chondropoulos1, Konstantinos Gkirkas1
11 Second Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 2 Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece ; 3 Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Abstract:
The immune response of the host against invading pathogens is clinically manifested as sepsis. Sepsis is a complicated process characterized by distinct phases that usually occur in a sequential manner. The initial hyper-inflammation helps in elimination of the pathogen, but potentially may lead to excessive tissue injury. Hypo-inflammation helps in restoring immune homeostasis, but may lead to significant immune suppression and death from secondary infections if not appropriately controlled. Immune-modulating intervention in sepsis should be based on a balanced control of both the hyper and the hypo-inflammatory phase.
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