Paraneoplastic vasculitis associated to pelvic chondrosarcoma: a case report

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Rheumatology
• Pathology

Background:

• Vasculopathic syndromes are linked to malignancies, but their pathogenesis and diagnostic markers remain unclear.
• The paraneoplastic nature of cancer-associated vasculitis is debated, despite temporal correlations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report a case of presumed paraneoplastic vasculitis associated with chondrosarcoma.
• To highlight the potential link between solid tumors and vasculitis.

Main Methods:

• Case report of a 45-year-old female with pelvic chondrosarcoma.
• Clinical presentation included visual loss, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SRIS), cardiac insufficiency, hepatosplenomegaly, cholestasis, and pulmonary bleeding.
• Treatment involved surgical management of chondrosarcoma and subsequent corticotherapy for vasculitis.

Main Results:

• The patient presented with symptoms suggestive of sarcoma-associated vasculitis post-surgery.
• All vasculitis-associated antibodies were negative.
• Corticotherapy led to the resolution of vasculitis, with no recurrence at 3-year follow-up.

Conclusions:

• The parallel evolution of vasculitis and chondrosarcoma, along with treatment response, supports a paraneoplastic vasculitis diagnosis.
• This case underscores the importance of considering paraneoplastic syndromes in patients with unexplained vasculitis and malignancy.