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Updated: Mar 21, 2026

A Protocol for Real-time 3D Single Particle Tracking
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A 3D feature point tracking method for ion radiation.

Jasper J M Kouwenberg1, Leonie Ulrich, Oliver Jäkel

  • 1Radiation, Science & Technology, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, Netherlands.

Physics in Medicine and Biology
|May 11, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a robust algorithm for tracking dense particle trajectories in detectors. The new method accurately analyzes particle paths, even with track crossings, achieving high precision.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Computational Science
  • Particle Detection

Background:

  • Automated tracking of high-density particle trajectories is crucial for analyzing data from particle detectors.
  • Existing algorithms may struggle with variations in particle tracks and track crossings in dense environments.
  • Single ion track detectors require precise analysis of particle paths.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a computationally efficient and robust algorithm for automated tracking of high-density particle trajectories.
  • To enhance existing tracking algorithms by incorporating track information and recursive cost minimization.
  • To address challenges posed by crossing tracks in high-density particle imaging.

Main Methods:

  • The algorithm extends previous implementations by incorporating existing track information into exclusion criteria.

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  • A recursive cost minimization function enhances robustness against variations in measured particle tracks.
  • A trajectory relinking algorithm was implemented to resolve track crossings in dense particle images.

    • Main Results:

    • The algorithm demonstrates robustness and computational efficiency in tracking high densities of particles.
    • Validation using fluorescent nuclear track detectors (FNTD) irradiated with varying ion fluences was performed.
    • Less than 1% of faulty trajectories were observed in low (heavy) ion fluence conditions.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed algorithm provides a robust and efficient solution for automated particle tracking in challenging conditions.
    • It effectively handles high particle densities and crossing trajectories, crucial for single ion track detector analysis.
    • The algorithm shows high accuracy, with minimal faulty trajectories, validating its performance in experimental settings.