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Related Concept Videos

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems01:23

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

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Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...
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Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
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Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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Glaucoma: Overview01:25

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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Indirect-acting cholinergic agonists, or anticholinesterases, enhance the body's cholinergic activity by inhibiting acetylcholine's breakdown. They are categorized as reversible or irreversible agents based on their mechanism of action. They are further classified into short-acting, intermediate-acting, and long-acting agents based on their duration of action.
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Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers01:24

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Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...
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Thermosensitive hexanoyl glycol chitosan-based ocular delivery system for glaucoma therapy.

Ik Sung Cho1, Chun Gwon Park2, Beom Kang Huh3

  • 1Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea.

Acta Biomaterialia
|May 11, 2016
PubMed
Summary

A novel thermosensitive hexanoyl glycol chitosan (HGC) formulation improves ocular drug delivery for glaucoma. This formulation enhances drug retention and efficacy, offering a promising alternative for topical eye treatments.

Keywords:
Glaucoma therapyHexanoyl glycol chitosanOcular deliveryThermosensitive property

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Ophthalmic Drug Delivery
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Conventional eye drops have limited ocular bioavailability due to rapid clearance from the eye surface.
  • Developing sustained-release drug delivery systems is crucial for improving topical ocular therapy efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a thermosensitive hexanoyl glycol chitosan (HGC) formulation for enhanced topical ocular drug delivery.
  • To assess the potential of HGC as a carrier for glaucoma therapy, focusing on improved drug retention and bioavailability.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of hexanoyl glycol chitosan (HGC) via N-hexanoylation of glycol chitosan.
  • Characterization of HGC's thermogelling properties and viscosity changes with temperature.
  • In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation and in vivo ocular retention studies.
  • Formulation of brimonidine-loaded HGC for glaucoma treatment and comparison with a marketed product.

Main Results:

  • Aqueous HGC solutions exhibited a significant increase in viscosity at body temperature, forming a gel.
  • HGC demonstrated non-toxicity at concentrations up to 1.25wt.%.
  • In vivo studies showed prolonged retention of HGC on the preocular surface.
  • The brimonidine-loaded HGC formulation resulted in a sustained reduction of intra-ocular pressure for 14 hours, outperforming Alphagan P.

Conclusions:

  • Hexanoyl glycol chitosan is a safe and effective thermosensitive carrier for topical ocular drug delivery.
  • The HGC formulation significantly enhances ocular drug bioavailability and prolongs therapeutic effect for glaucoma treatment.
  • This novel HGC-based system offers a promising approach for improving patient compliance and treatment outcomes in ophthalmology.